Chapter 14 Vocab

Question 1

Found in association with oil

Answer 1

Natural gas

Question 2

The amount of heat required to raise one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit.

Answer 2

British Thermal Unit (BTU)

Question 3

The amount of work done by an electric current over a given time.

Answer 3

Electrical power

Question 4

A coil of wire that rotates in a magnetic field or that remains stationary while a magnetic field is rotated around it.

Answer 4

Electric generator

Question 5

The most common way to generate electrical power

Answer 5

Turbogenerator

Question 6

A sophisticated paddle wheel, coupled to the generator.

Answer 6

Turbine

Question 7

The constant supply of power provided by large coal-burning and nuclear power plants

Answer 7

Baseload

Question 8

Result from a deficiency in available power and cause a reduction in voltage

Answer 8

Brownout

Question 9

A total loss of power

Answer 9

Blackout

Question 10

Unavoidable energy losses

Answer 10

Conversion losses

Question 11

Waste heat energy discharged into natural waterways

Answer 11

Thermal pollution

Question 12

Educated guesses as to where oil or natural gas may be located and how much may be found.

Answer 12

Undiscovered resources

Question 13

a fairly accurate estimate can be made of how much oil can be economically obtained from the field.

Answer 13

Proven resources

Question 14

The withdrawal of oil or gas from the field

Answer 14

Production

Question 15

Conventional pumping which can remove only 25% of the oil in an oil field

Answer 15

Primary recovery

Question 16

Involves manipulating pressure in the oil reservoir by injecting brine or steam that forces the oil into the wells. (can remove up to 50% of oil)

Answer 16

Secondary recovery

Question 17

Obtained by injecting carbon dioxide which breaks up oil droplets and enables them to flow again.

Answer 17

Enhanced recovery

Question 18

Predicted that U.S. production would peak between 1965 and 1970.

Answer 18

Hubbert’s peak

Question 19

A group of predominantly Arab countries that formed a cartel and agreed to restrain production in order to get higher prices.

Answer 19

the Organization of Petroleum Exporting

Countries (OPEC)

Question 20

A sedimentary material containing bitumen, an extremely viscous, tar-like hydrocarbon.

Answer 20

Oil sands/tar sands

Question 21

A fine sedimentary rock containing a mixture of solid, wax-like hydrocarbons called kerogen.

Answer 21

Oil Shale

Question 22

A mixture of solid, wax-like hydrocarbons called kerogen.

Answer 22

Kerogen

Question 23

A technique used to drill for natural gas.

Answer 23

Fracking

Question 24

Acquired by inhaling coal dust

Answer 24

Black Lung Disease or Coal Workers’ Pneumoconiosis (CWP)

Question 25

Synthetic fuels

Answer 25

Synfuels

Question 26

“Business-as-usual”. They do not reduce vulnerability to oil price disruptions, terrorist actions, and global climate change.

Answer 26

Supply-side policies

Question 27

Reduce energy needs making it more possible to move to a future in which renewable energy can take over.

Answer 27

Demand-side policies

Question 28

Raises the CAFE standards to meet a target of 35 mpg by 2020

Answer 28

Energy Independence and Security Act

Question 29

Combined heat and Power which refers to using a single energy source to produce both electrical and heat energy.

Answer 29

Cogeneration

Question 30

New technology used to generate electricity.

Answer 30

Combined-cycle natural-gas unit