Chapter 3 vocab quiz Flashcards
The study of all processes influencing the distribution of organisms and their interactions with the environment
Ecology
Entirety of a population that can produce offspring
Species
Number of individuals that make up interbreeding, reproducing group
Population
The grouping of plants, animals and microbes
Biotic Community
Nonliving chemical and physical factors
Abiotic
A grouping of plants, animal and microbes occupying space and interacting
Ecosystems
A transitional area between two adjacent ecosystems that has characteristics of both
Ecotone
A group of interacting ecosystems
Landscapes
Similar or related ecosystems or landscapes that are often grouped
Biomes
All species and physical factors on Earth functioning as one ecosystem
Biosphere
Abiotic factors that vary in space and time
Conditions
Any factors consumed by organisms
Resources
A certain level at which the organisms do best
Optimum
The entire span that allows any growth
Range of tolerance
The points at the high and low end of the range of tolerance
Limits of tolerance
Region between the optimal range and the limits of tolerance
Zones of stress
Factor that limits growth
Limiting factor
Liebig’s law of minimums; studied the effects of chemical nutrients on plant growth
Law of limiting factors
Two or more factors interacting in a way that causes a much greater effect
Synergistic effects (synergisms)
Higher oxygen concentration (smaller range of tolerance)
Trout
Medium amount of oxygen concentration (larger range of tolerance)
Carp
Place where a species biologically adapted
Habitat
What, where, when an animals feeds, where it finds shelter, where it nests and how it responds to abiotic factors
Ecological niche
Anything that has mass and takes up space
Matter
Solid, liquid, gases
States of matter
The basic building blocks of all matter
Atoms
Atoms are neither created nor destroyed during chemical reactions
Law of conservation of matter
Consists of two or more atoms bonded together in a specific way
Molecule
Consists of two or more different kinds of atoms bonded together
Compund
Thin layer of gases separating Earth from outer space; major source of carbon and oxygen
Atmosphere
Water on Earth; source of hydrogen
Hydrosphere
Earth’s crust; form of rock and soil minerals
Lithosphere
Any hard, crystalline, inorganic material of a given chemical composition
Mineral
Chemical compounds making up the tissues of living organisms
Organic
Carboon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorous, Sulfur
6 most important chemical elements (CHNOPS)
Making up living organisms
Naturally organic compounds
All other molecules or compounds
Inorganic
Anything that has the ability to move matter, has no mass and does not take space
Energy
The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram
Calorie
Energy in action or motion
Kinetic energy
Energy in storage
Potential energy
Potential energy contained in chemicals or fuels
Chemical energy
Measures the molecular motion in a substance cause by kinetic energy present
Temperature
Measure of the degree of disorder in a system
Entropy
Lowest form of energy
Heat energy
Photosynthesis Equation
6CO2+6H2O—-> C6H12O6+6O2
Cell Respiration Equation
C6H12O6+6O2—-> 6CO2+6H2O+energy
Breakdown of molecules
Oxidation
Material of plant cell walls
Cellulose
Converts sugar to gases, acids or alcohol
Fermentation
Circular pathways of elements involving biological, geological, and chemical processes
Biogeochemical cycles
Water pollution problem when there is too much phosphorous in the bodies of water
Eutrophication
A number of bacteria and cyanobacteria that can convert atmospheric nitrogen
Nitrogen fixation
A group of soil bacteria that oxidizes the ammonia to nitrat in chemosynthetic process
Nitrifying bacteria
A microbial process that occurs in soils and sediment depleted of oxygen which converts nitrates to nitrogen gas and released back into the atmosphere
Denitrification
