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CNA terminology Study > Chapter 4 Vocab: Body Systems and related conditions > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Vocab: Body Systems and related conditions Flashcards

1
Q

Homostasis

A

Condition in which all of the body’s systems are working their best

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2
Q

Metabolism

A

physical and chemical processes

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3
Q

Dilate

A

widen

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4
Q

Constrict

A

narrow

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5
Q

Anterior/Ventral

A

Front of the body

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6
Q

Posterior/Dorsal

A

Back of the body

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7
Q

Superior

A

toward the head

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8
Q

Inferfior

A

away from the head

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9
Q

medial

A

toward the midline of the body

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10
Q

lateral

A

to the side, away from the midline of the body

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11
Q

proximal

A

closer to the torso

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12
Q

distal

A

away from the torso

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13
Q

Musculoskelatal System

A

Muscles, bones, ligaments, tendons, and cartilage

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14
Q

Integumentary System

A

skin - largest organ/system in the body

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15
Q

Atrophy

A

when muscles lose their mass, weakens

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16
Q

contracture

A

muscle or tendon shortens

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17
Q

Arthritis

A

inflammation that causes stiffness, pain and decreased joint mobility

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18
Q

inflammation

A

swelling

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19
Q

autoimmune illness

A

illness that causes the immune system to attack normal tissue in the body

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20
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis

A

affects people of any age, joints become red, swollen, and very painful

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21
Q

Osteoartritis - degenerative joint disease (djd)

A

affects elderly - usually affects weight bearing joints - hips and knees

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22
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Condition in which bones lose density

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23
Q

Menopause

A

the end of menstration - women don’t have period for 12 months

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24
Q

Total hip replacements (THR)

A

Surgical replacement of the head of the long bone of the femur where it joins to the hip

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25
Q

Partial Weight bearing (PWB)

A

Resident can support some body weight on one or both legs

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26
Q

Non-weight bearing (NWB)

A

resident is unable to touch the floor or support any weight on one of both legs

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27
Q

Full weight bearing (FWB)

A

Resident can support 100 of body on lets on a step - can still use crutches or walker

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28
Q

Total knee replacement (TKR)

A

surgical replacement of the knee with a prosthetic knee - helps to relieve pain or restores motion

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29
Q

Nervous system

A

Control and message center of the body - brain, spinal chord, and nerves throughout the body

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30
Q

Central Nervous System (CNS)

A

Brain and spinal chord

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31
Q

Peripheral Nervous system (PNS)

A

nerves in the outer parts of the body

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32
Q

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) or stroke

A

When the blood supply to your brain is blocked, preventing oxygen to get to the brain

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33
Q

Ischemic stroke

A

most common type of stroke - the blood supply is blocked

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34
Q

Hemiplegia

A

paralysis on one side of the body

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35
Q

Hemiphasia

A

Weakness on one side of the body

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36
Q

expressive aphasia

A

Trouble communicating thoughts through speech or writting

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37
Q

receptive aphasia

A

difficulting understanding spoken or written words

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38
Q

emotional lability

A

inappropriate or unprovoked emotional responses - laughing, crying or anger

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39
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing

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40
Q

Speech impairment

A

residents who may not speak

41
Q

Parkinsons disease

A

progressive, incurable disease, gets worse with time. Causes parts of the brain to degenerate, causes muscles to become stiff. Stooped posture and a shuffling walk

42
Q

gait

A

walk

43
Q

Multiple Sclerosis (S)

A

progressive disease which affects the central nervous system. The myelin sheath that covers the nerves, spinal cord and white matter of the brain to break down over time

44
Q

Paraplegia

A

loss of function over lower body and legs

45
Q

quadriplegia

A

Loss of function in legs, trunk and arms

46
Q

Nervous System

A

sense organs; eyes, ears, nose, tongue and skin

47
Q

Circulatory System

A

heart, blood vessels and blood - supplies food, oxygen, and hormons to cells

48
Q

Hypertension (HTN)

A

high blood pressue = 130/80 and above

49
Q

Diuretics

A

Medications that reduce fluid in the body

50
Q

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

A

when blood vessels int he coronary arteries narrow

51
Q

Angina Pectoris

A

when the heart muscle is not getting enough O2 - causes chest pain, pressure or discomfort

52
Q

Myocardial Infarction (MI)

A

Heart attack - when blood flow to the heart muscle is blocked, oxygen and nutrients fail to reach cells in that area, and muscle cells die

53
Q

Congestive heart failure (CHF)

A

When one or both sides of the heart stop pumping blood property

54
Q

Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD)

A

disease which the legs, feet, arms or hands do not have enough blood circulation

55
Q

Respiratory System

A

taking in oxygen and removing carbon dioxide - inspiration and expiration

56
Q

Inspiration

A

Breathing in oxygen

57
Q

Expiration

A

breathing out carbon dioxide

58
Q

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

A

trouble breathing over a long period of time: Chronic Bronchitis, and emphysema

59
Q

Chronic Bronchitis

A

imflammation of the bronchial lining - from cigarette smoking

60
Q

Emphysema

A

chronic disease from chronic bronchitis and cigarette smoking

61
Q

Urinary System

A

Eliminates waste products from body and maintains water balance within the body 2 kidneys, 2 ureters, 1 uniary bladder, urethra, and a meatus

62
Q

Urinary Incontinence

A

inability to control the bladder - results in involuntary urination

63
Q

Urinary Tract infection (UTI)

A

bacterial infection of the urethra, bladder, ureter or kidney

64
Q

Gastrointestional System (GI)

A

Digestion, absorption, and elimination

65
Q

Digestions

A

process of preparing food physically and chemically so it can be absorbed into the cells

66
Q

Absorption

A

is the transfer of nutrients to the cells

67
Q

Elimination

A

Process of expelling wastes not absorbed intot he cells

68
Q

Fecal incontinence

A

inability to control bowels, leading to involuntary passage of stool

69
Q

Constipation

A

inability to eliminate stool

70
Q

Enema

A

specific amount of water and possible solution that is introduced into the colon to assist with stool elimination

71
Q

Rectal Suppository

A

nitroglycerin that is given rectally to soften stool

72
Q

Fecal Impaction

A

hard stool that is stuck int he rectum and cannot be expelled

73
Q

Hemorrhoids

A

enlarged veins in the rectum

74
Q

Diarrhea

A

frequent elimination of liquid or semi-liquid feces

75
Q

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

A

when stomach acid and liquid come up from the stomach into the esophagus - causing heartburn

76
Q

Ostomy

A

Surgical creation of an opening from an area inside the body

77
Q

Stoma

A

the opening of a ostomy

78
Q

Endocrine System

A
  1. Maintains homostasis through hormone secretion
  2. Influence growth and development
  3. maintain blood sugar levels
  4. regulate levels of calcium and phosphate in the body
  5. Resulates the body ability to reproduce
  6. Determines how fast cells burn food for energy (metabolism)
79
Q

Diabetes

A

When pancreas produces too little insulin or does not properly use insulin

80
Q

Insulin

A

hormone that works to move glucose from blood and into the cells

81
Q

Glucose

A

natural sugar

82
Q

Pre-diabetes

A

one a person’s blood glucose levels are above normal, but not high enough to be diabetic

83
Q

Gestational Diabetes

A

high sugar levels in pregnant women

84
Q

Reproductive System

A

system that allows human beings to reproduce

85
Q

reproduce

A

create human life

86
Q

Gonads

A

Sex glands

87
Q

Vaginitis

A

Inflammation of the vagina

88
Q

Benign Prostatic Hypertophy (BPH)

A

disorder common in men over 60, an enlarged prostate - putting pressue on urethra, causing frequent urination

89
Q

Immune system

A

protects the body from disease-causin bacteria, viruses and microorganisms

90
Q

Nonspecific Immunity

A

protects the body from disease in general

91
Q

Specific Immunity

A

protects against a particular disease that is invading the body at any given time

92
Q

lympatic System

A

removes excess fluids and waste products from the body’s tissues

93
Q

Human immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

A

attacks the body’s immune systems

94
Q

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

A

Caused by acquiring the HIV virus through blood or body fluids from an infected person

95
Q

Cancer

A

general term used to describe a disease which abnormal cells grow in an uncontrolled way

96
Q

Tumor

A

group of abnormally growing cells

97
Q

Benign

A

not cancerous

98
Q

malignant

A

cancerous

CNA terminology Study (10 decks)

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