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Local Area Networks > Chapter 4: Vocab > Flashcards

Chapter 4: Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

access server

A

A unit that connects synchronous and asynchronous devices to a network, providing routing for both types of communications.

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2
Q

active hub

A

A network transmission device that connects nodes in a star topology, regenerating, retiming, amplifying the data signal each time it passes through the hub.

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3
Q

asynchronous communications

A

Communications that occur in discrete units, in which the start of a unit is signaled by a start bit at the front, and a start bit at the end of the unit.

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4
Q

baud rate

A

Data transmission rate used to describe older modem speed measurements, in which one data bit is sent per each signal oscillation.

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5
Q

bits per second (bps)

A

The number of binary bits (0s or 1s) sent in one second.

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6
Q

bridge

A

A network transmission device that connects different LANS or LAN segments using the same access method.

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7
Q

bridge protocol data unit (BPDU)

A

A specialized frame used by bridges to exchange information with one another.

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8
Q

broadcast storm

A

Saturation of network bandwidth by excessive traffic, as when a large number of computer or devices attempt to transmit simultaneously, or when computers or devices persists in transmitting repeatedly.

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9
Q

brouter

A

A network device that acts as a bridge or a router, depending on how it is set up to forward a given protocol.

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10
Q

bus

A

A pathway in a computer, used to transmit data, such as between the CPU and a peripheral device attached to the computer.

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11
Q

cable modem

A

A digital modem device designed for use with the cable TV system, providing high-speed data transfer.

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12
Q

channel bank

A

A large-scale multiplexer that combines telecommunications channels, such as T-1, T-3 or ISDN in a centralized location.

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13
Q

collision domain

A

Two network segments connected by one or more repeaters; or the network segments between two or more Layer 2 devices, such as switches or bridges.

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14
Q

concentrator

A

A device that can have multiple inputs and outputs all active at the same time.

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15
Q

cut-through switching

A

A switching technique that forwards portions of a frame before the entire frame is received.

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16
Q

Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)

A

A technology that uses advanced modulation technologies on existing telecommunications networks for high-speed networking between a subscriber and a telco, and that has communication speeds up to 100 Mbps.

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17
Q

driver signing

A

A process in which a digital signature is placed in a driver for a device. The digital signature helps ensure that the driver is tested and is compatible with the operating system and device for which it is written.

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18
Q

dynamic routing

A

A routing process in which the router constantly checks the network configuration, automatically updates routing tables, and makes its own decisions (often based on guidelines set by the network administrator) about how to route packets.

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19
Q

firewall

A

Software or hardware that secures data from being accessed outside a network and that can also prevent data from leaving the network through an inside source.

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20
Q

firmware

A

Software that is stored on a chip in a device, such as in a ROM, and that typically composes some type of system software.

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21
Q

flooding

A

When a network device, such as a bridge, retransmits a frame or packet to all of its outgoing ports.

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22
Q

full-duplex

A

The capacity to send and receive signals at the same time.

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23
Q

gateway

A

A network device that enables communications between two different types of networked systems, for example, between complex protocols or between different e-mails systems.

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24
Q

half-duplex

A

The ability to send or receive signals, but not simultaneously.

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25
Q

hop

A

The movement of a frame or packet, point-to-point, from one network to the next.

26
Q

hub

A

A central network device used in the star topology to join networks.

27
Q

lobe cable

A

Cable that connects a node to a MAU.

28
Q

local bridge

A

A network device that connects networks in close proximity and that can be used to segment a portion of a network to reduce heavy-traffic problems.

29
Q

local router

A

A router that joins networks within the same building or between buildings in close proximity such as on the same business campus.

30
Q

metric

A

A value calculated by routers that reflects information about a particular transmission path, such as path length, load at the next hop, available bandwidth, and path reliability.

31
Q

Microcom Network Protocol (MNP)

A

A set of modem service classes that provides efficient communications, error correction, data compression and high-throughput capabilities.

32
Q

modem

A

A modulator/demodulator that converts a computer’s outgoing digital signal to an analog signal that can be transmitted over a telephone line. It also converts the incoming analog signal to a digital signal that the computer can understand.

33
Q

multiplexer (MUX)

A

A switch that divides a communications medium into multiple channels so that several nodes can communicate at the same time. When a signal is multiplexed, it must be demultiplexed at the other end.

34
Q

multistation access unit (MAU or MSAU)

A

A central hub that links token ring nodes into a topology that physically resembles a star but in which data signals are transferred in a logical ring pattern.

35
Q

Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) protocol

A

A routing protocol used by a router to communicate to other routers information about its immediate links to other nodes.

36
Q

partitioning

A

To shut down a cable segment because a portion of the segment is malfunctioning.

37
Q

passive hub

A

A network transmission device that connects nodes in a star topology, performing no signal amplification as the data signal moves from one node to the next through the hub.

38
Q

patch cable

A

A term used to describe a short, connectorized cable that ca serve several different purposes in different contexts, such as linking together two MAUs or connecting a network device, such as a switch to a patch panel.

39
Q

private automatic branch exchange (PABX)

A

A privately owned telephone system that is automatic, but that still remains manual switchboard capability.

40
Q

private automatic exchange (PAX)

A

An entirely automatic (no switchboard), prviately owned telephone system.

41
Q

private branch exchange (PBX)

A

A privately owned telephone system that may or may not have connections to a regional telephone system and that has a manually operated switchboard.

42
Q

promiscuous mode

A

Mode in which network devices read frame destination address information before sending a frame on to other connected segments of the network.

43
Q

remote bridge

A

A network device that joins networks across the same city, between cities and between states to create one network.

44
Q

remote router

A

A router that joins networks in WANs across large geographic areas, such as between cities, states and countries.

45
Q

repeater

A

A network transmission device that amplifies and retime a packet- or cell carrying signal so that it can be sent along all outgoing cable segments attached to that repeater.

46
Q

router

A

A network device that connects networks having the same or different access methods and media, such as Ethernet to token ring. It forwards packets to networks by using a decision-making process based on routing table data, discovery of the most efficient routes, and preprogrammed information from the network administrator.

47
Q

Routing Information Protocol (RIP)

A

A protocol routers use to communicate the entire contents of routing tables to other routers.

48
Q

segment

A

One cable run within IEEE specifications, such as one run of 10Base2 cable that is 185 meters long and that has 30 nodes or fewer (including terminators and network equipment).

49
Q

smart multi-station access unit (SMAU)

A

A multistation access unit with intelligence built in to detect problems at a connected workstation and to isolate that workstation from the rest of the network.

50
Q

source-route bridging

A

Incorporate into the 802.5 token ring LAN specification, source-route bridges perform routing at the OSI Network layer.

51
Q

spanning tree algorithm

A

Software that ensures that frames are not transmitted in an endless loop and that enables frames to be sent along the most cost-effective network path.

52
Q

static routing

A

A routing process that involves control of routing decisions by the network administrator through preset routing instructions.

53
Q

store-and-forward switching

A

A switch technique in which a packet is buffered and not sent until it is completely received and there is an open channel on which to send it.

54
Q

switch

A

A device that links network segments and that forwards and filters frames between segments. Originally, switches operated primarily at OSI Layer 2, forwarding on the basis of physical or device addresses, but newer switches also function at OSI Layer 3 and higher.

55
Q

synchronous communications

A

Communications of continuous bursts of data controlled by a clock signal that starts each burst.

56
Q

terminal adapter

A

A device that connects a computer or a fax to an ISDN line. A TA simply converts a digital signal to a protocol that can be sent over a digital telephone line.

57
Q

transceiver

A

A device that can transmit and receive, such as transmitting and recieving signals on a communications cable.

58
Q

uninterruptible power supply (UPS)

A

A device built into electrical equipment or a separate device that provides immediate battery power to equipment during a power failure or brownout.

59
Q

universal series bus (USB)

A

A standard for connecting all kinds of peripherals, such as printers, modems, and tape drives, that is intended to replace the use of traditional parallel and serial ports.

60
Q

virtual LAN (VLAN)

A

A logical network consisting of subnetworks of workgroups established through intelligent software on switches and routers and that is independent of the physical network topology.

61
Q

wavelength division multiplexing (WDM)

A

A switching technique for fiber-optic media that takes several incoming connections and translates each to a different set of wavelengths within the light spectrum transmitted on the fiber-optic cable.

Local Area Networks (13 decks)

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