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Local Area Networks > Chapter 2: Vocab > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

A

An organization that works to set standards for all types of products, including network equipment.

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2
Q

analog

A

A type of transmission that can vary continuously, as in a wave pattern with positive and negative voltage levels.

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3
Q

asynchronous communications

A

Communications that occur in discrete units where the start of a unit is signaled by a start bit at the front and the end of the unit is signaled by a stop bit at the back.

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4
Q

backbone

A

A high-capacity communications medium that joins networks on the same floor in a building, on different floors, and across long distances.

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5
Q

bandwidth

A

The transmission capacity of a communications medium, which is typically measured in bits per second (for data transmissions) or hertz (for data, voice, and video transmissions) and which is determined by the maximum minus the minimum transmission capacity.

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6
Q

beaconing

A

An error condition on a token ring network that indicates one or more nodes is not functioning.

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7
Q

broadcast frame (or packet)

A

A frame (or packet) sent to all notes on a network.

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8
Q

broadcast storm

A

Saturation of a network bandwidth caused by excessive traffic, as when a large number of computers or devices attempt to transmit simultaneously, or when computers or devices persist in transmitting repeatedly.

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9
Q

bus topology

A

Network design built by running cable from one PC or file server to the next, like links in a chain.

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10
Q

cableco

A

A cable TV company.

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11
Q

cable plant

A

The total amount of communication cable that makes up a network.

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12
Q

carrier sense

A

The process of checking a communication medium, such as cable, for a voltage level, signal transition, or light, indicating the presence of a data carrying signal.

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13
Q

Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD)

A

A network transport control method used in Ethernet networks. It regulates transmission by sensing the presence of packet collision.

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14
Q

circuit switching

A

A network communication technique that uses a dedicated channel to transmit information between two nodes.

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15
Q

collision

A

A situation in which two or more packets are detected at the same time on an Ethernet network.

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16
Q

connectionless service

A

Also known as Type 1 operation, services that occur between the LLC sublayer and the Network layer, but that provide no check to make sure data accurately reaches the receiving node.

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17
Q

connection-oriented service

A

Type 2 operation services that occur between the LLC sublayer and the NEtwork layer, providing several ways to ensure data is successfully received by the destination node.

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18
Q

current state encoding

A

A digital signal encoding method that assigns a binary value to the presence of a certain signal state, such as assigning +5 volts to equal a binary one and 0 volts to equal a binary zero.

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19
Q

cyclic redundancy check (CRC)

A

An error detection method that calculates a value for the total size of the information fields contained in a frame. The value is inserted near the end of a frame by the Data Link layer on the sending node and checked by the Data link layer on the receiving node to determine if a transmission error has occurred.

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20
Q

device address

A

Also called the physical or MAC address, the hexadecimal number permanently assigned to a network interface and used by the MAC sublayer within the Data Link layer (Layer 2).

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21
Q

digital

A

A transmission method that has distinct signal levels to represent binary zeros or ones, such as +5 volts and 0 volts.

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22
Q

discovery

A

A process used by routers that involves gathering information about how many nodes are on a network and where they are located.

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23
Q

electromagnetic interference (EMI)

A

Signal interference caused by magnetic force fields generated by electrical devices such as motors.

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24
Q

encryption

A

A process that scrambles data so that it cannot be read if intercepted by unauthorized users.

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25
Q

Ethernet

A

A transport system that uses the CSMA/CS access method for data transmission on a network. Ethernet typically is implemented in a bus or bus-star topology.

26
Q

Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI)

A

A fiber-optic data transport method capable of a 100-Mbps transfer rate using a dual ring topology.

27
Q

flow control

A

A process that ensures one device does not send information faster than it can be received by another device.

28
Q

frequency division multiple access (FDMA)

A

A switching method that creates separate channels on one communication medium by establishing different frequencies for each channels.

29
Q

headend

A

On a cable TV WAN, a central receiving point for signals from various sources, including satellite, other major cable sources, and local television sources.

30
Q

hub

A

A central device that joins single cable segments or individual LANs into one network.

31
Q

International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

A

An international body that establishes communications and networking standards and that is particularly known for its contributions to network protocol standards.

32
Q

logical link control (LLC)

A

A data link sublayer of the OSI model that initiates the communication link between nodes and ensures the links is not unintentionally broken.

33
Q

Manchester encoding

A

A form of state-transition digital encoding in which a low-to-high transition is a binary zero and high-to-low equals a binary one.

34
Q

media access control (MAC)

A

A Data Link layer sublayer that examines addressing information contained in a network frame and controls how devices share communications on the same network.

35
Q

message switching

A

A switching method that sends data from point to point, with each intermediate node storing the data, waiting for a free transmission channel, and forwarding the data to the next point until the destination is reached.

36
Q

multistation access unit (MAU)

A

A central hub that links token ring nodes into a topology that phyiscally resembles a start, but in which frames are transmitted into a logical ring pattern.

37
Q

multiple system operator (MSO)

A

A cable TV company that offers WAN or Internet services.

38
Q

network traffic

A

The number, size, and frequency of packets transmitted on a network in a given amount of time.

39
Q

Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model

A

Developed by ISO and ANSI, a model that provides a framework for networked hardware and software communications based on seven layers.

40
Q

packet radio

A

The process of transmitting a data-carrying packet over radio waves through short burts.

41
Q

packet switching

A

A data transmission technique that establishes a logical channel between two transmitting nodes, but uses several different paths of transmission to continually find the best routes to the destination.

42
Q

peer protocols

A

Protocols used to enable an OSI layer on a sending node to communicate with the same layer on the receiving node.

43
Q

plain old telephone service (POTS)

A

Regular voice-grade phone service.

44
Q

primitive

A

A command used to transfer information from one layer in an OSI stack to another layer.

45
Q

protocol data unit (PDU)

A

The information transferred between layers in the same OSI stack.

46
Q

public switched telephone network (PSTN)

A

Regular voice-grade hone service.

47
Q

radio frequency interference (RFI)

A

Signal interference caused by electrical devices that emit radio waves at the same frequency used by network signal transmissions.

48
Q

redirector

A

A service used via the Application layer to recognize and access other computers.

49
Q

regional bell operating companies (RBOCs)

A

A telecommunications company that provides telephone services to a designated region.

50
Q

ring topology

A

A network design consisting of a continuous path for data with no logical beginning or ending point, and thus no terminators.

51
Q

Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)

A

A data encryption technique employed between a server and a client, such as between a client’s browser and an Internet server.

52
Q

service data unit (SDU)

A

A protocol data unit that has been transferred between OSI layers and then stripped of control information and transfer instructions.

53
Q

star toplogy

A

The oldest type of network design, which consists of multiple nodes attached to a central hub.

54
Q

state-transition encoding

A

A digital encoding method that checks for a change in the signal state, such as from low to high or high to low.

55
Q

statistical multiple access

A

A switching method that allocates the communication resources according to what is needed for the task, such as providing more bandwidth for a video file and less for a small spreadsheet file.

56
Q

synchronous communications

A

Communications of continuous bursts of data controlled by a clock signal that starts each burst.

57
Q

T-carrier

A

A dedicated telephone line that can be used for data communications to connect two different locations for continuous point-to-point communications.

58
Q

telco

A

A regional phone company.

59
Q

terminator

A

A resistor that is connected to the end of a segment on a bus network, so that data-carrying signals are absorbed at the point where the segment stops. Absorbing the signals ensures they are not reflected back onto the cable after they reach the end – thus preventing communications errors. The impedance (measured in ohms) of the terminator must exactly match the impedance of the communications calb.e

60
Q

time division multiple access (TDMA)

A

A switching method that enables multiple devices to communicate over the same communications medium by creating slots in which each device transmits.

61
Q

token ring

A

An access method developed by IBM in the 1970s and which remains a primary LAN technology. Variations of the technology are used for WANs. This transport method employs a physical star topology along with the logic of a ring topology. Although each node is connected to a central hub, the frame travels from node to node as though there were no starting or ending point.

62
Q

virtual circuit

A

A logical communication path established by the OSI Network layer for sending and receiving data.

Local Area Networks (13 decks)

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