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CSW 2020 Study Guide > Chapter 4: Viticulture > Flashcards

Chapter 4: Viticulture Flashcards

1
Q

Put the following stages of the annual growth cycle of the vine in chronological order, starting with winter dormancy:

  • Berry Set
  • Photosynthesis Begins
  • Harvest
  • Bud Break
  • Physiological Maturity
  • Veraison
  • Shoot and Leaf Growth-
  • Flowering
  • Weeping
A
  1. Winter Dormancy
  2. Weeping
  3. Bud Break
  4. Shoot & Leaf Growth
  5. Photosynthesis Begins
  6. Flowering
  7. Berry Set
  8. Verasion
  9. Physiological Maturity
  10. Harvest
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2
Q

The process by which materials are moved from one part of the plant to another

A

Translocation

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3
Q

The process by which sunlight is converted into sugar

A

Photosynthesis

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4
Q

The process by which water evaporates through openings on the underside of the leaves

A

Transpiration

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5
Q

The process by which sugar is broken down and converted into biological energy

A

Respiration

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6
Q

A problem that causes poor fruit set, also known as shatter

A

Coulure

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7
Q

A soil based roundworm that has become more prevalent with the increased use of shallow-rooted rootstock

A

Nematode

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8
Q

A mold that is sometimes beneficial, also known as noble rot

A

Botrytis Aherea

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9
Q

A fungal disease also known as powdery mildew

A

Oidium

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10
Q

A problem with abnormal fruit set that causes grape bunches to have a high proportion of small, seedless berries mixed in with normal, larger berries

A

Millerandage

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11
Q

A fungal disease also known as downy mildew

A

Peronospora

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12
Q

A bacterial disease spread by insects such as the glassy- winged sharpshooter

A

Pierce’s disease

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13
Q

A destructive louse that feeds off the roots of vinifera vines

A

Phylloxera

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14
Q

What is the difference between Climate and Weather?

A

Climate refers to the historical, average weather of a certain place, or what is expected to
happen in the long run. Weather is the actual meteorological conditions forecast in the short
term, as well as what actually occurs.

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15
Q

How much water do grapevines need on an annual basis?

A

Approximately 20–30 inches/51–76 cm.

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16
Q

Explain why soils with low fertility are generally ideal for commercial vineyards?

A

Less fertile soils encourage the vine to produce less vegetation and fewer grapes, leading to
well-ripened grape bunches rich in sugar and phenolics.

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17
Q

Put these four soil types in order, from smallest in particle size to largest: gravel, silt, clay, and sand

A

Clay (smallest), silt, sand, gravel (largest).

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18
Q

Describe the potential climatic differences between a vineyard situated at a high elevation and one situated on a valley floor.

A

A vineyard at higher elevations will be cooler, windier, and have less fog. The higher altitude
vineyard will also have more intense sunlight and larger diurnal temperature swings.

19
Q

Explain the effect that large bodies of water have on the climate of a nearby vineyard

A

Water tends to change temperature more slowly than soil, so vineyards situated close to
large bodies of water experience less temperature fluctuations. Their diurnal temperature range
is less, summers are not as hot, and winters are milder. The humidity can also provide for
morning or evening fogs as well as greater cloud cover, rain, and dampness.

20
Q

True or False.

In general a lower latitude translates into a warmer climate.

A

True

21
Q

True or False.

The Oechsle system of measuring grape ripeness is widely used in France.

A

False

22
Q

True or False.

Photosynthesis slows, but does not stop, at night.

A

False

23
Q

True or False.
The annual growth cycle of the vine is considered to begin each year with bud break, which starts once temperatures reach 65 degrees F in the spring.

A

False

24
Q

True of False.

When producing dry table wines, the typical time from bud break to harvest is 140 to 160 days.

A

True

25
Q

True or False.
Ideally, soil should enable the vine’s roots to access water when needed, but also ensure that excess water is drained away.

A

True

26
Q

True or False.

In the Northern Hemisphere, a vineyard on a slope that faces north gets the most sun.

A

False

27
Q

True or False.
Regions with a continental climate generally experience hotter summers and colder winters that regions with a Mediterranean climate.

A

True

28
Q

True or False.

The Guyot system of vine training does not require the use of a trellis or wires.

A

False

29
Q

True or False.
A Mediterranean climate is considered to have too short a growing season in order for grapes to ripen on a regular basis.

A

False

30
Q

True or False.

In general, sugar as measured by degrees Brix will convert to alcohol by a conversion factor of 55%

A

True

31
Q

True or False.

Photosynthesis tends to slow down at temperatures below 50 degrees F and 10 degrees C.

A

True

32
Q

True or False.
A refractometer is used to measure the amount of rainfall that penetrates the topsoil to a depth of 6 inches (15 centimeters).

A

False

33
Q

True or False.

In a pergola system, overhead vines are trained up a tall support and allowed to spread out horizontally

A

True

34
Q

True or False.

In the United States, biodynamic viticulture is regulated by the US Department of Argiculture

A

False

35
Q

Which of the following statements is true concerning photosynthesis?

a. Photosynthesis occurs most efficiently when the daytime temperature is over 90 degrees F
b. Photosynthesis occurs most efficiently when the daytime temperature is under 50 degrees F
c. Photosynthesis slows but does not completely shut down at night
d. Photosynthesis can only occur when the sun is shining

A

D. Photosynthesis can only occur when the sun is shining

36
Q

In general, how much water do vines need on an annual basis?

a. 5 to 10 inches (13-25 cm)
b. 10 to 20 inches (25-51 cm)
c. 20 to 30 inches (51-76 cm)
d. 50 to 60 inches (127-152 cm)

A

C. 20 to 30 inches (51-76 cm)

37
Q

Which of the following best describes the vine process of veraison?

a. Tiny shoots start to emerge from nodes in the vine’s branches, soon growing to full canopy.
b. The grapes begin a sudden acceleration toward maturation and begin to take on color.
c. Carbohydrate reserves stored the previous year are directed toward rapid leaf and shoot growth
d. The acid level of the grapes starts to rapidly increase, while sugar levels drop

A

b. The grapes begin a sudden acceleration toward maturation and begin to take on color

38
Q

Which of the following are considered the ideal latitudes for commercial wine grape growing in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres?

a. between 10 and 30 degrees
b. between 20 and 40 degrees
c. between 25 and 45 degrees
d. between 30 and 50 degrees

A

d. between 30 and 50 degrees

39
Q

Which of the following vineyard diseases is easily spread by the glassy-winged sharpshooter?

a. phylloxera
b. powdery mildew
c. pierce’s disease
d. oidium

A

c. pierce’s disease

40
Q

Which of the following represents the correct progression of the cycle of a grapevine?

a. bud break, shoot and leaf growth, flowering, berry set, verasion, harvest
b. bud break, berry set, flowering, shoot and leaf growth, harvest, verasion
c. bud break, shoot and leaf growth, flowering, berry set, harvest, verasion
d. bud break, flowering, shoot and leaf growth, berry set, veraison, harvest

A

a. bud break, shoot and leaf growth, flowering, berry set, veraison, harvest

41
Q

Which of the following wine conditions is sometimes beneficial, and may be referred to as “noble rot”?

a. oidium
b. peronospora
c. botrytis
d. coulure

A

c. botrytis

42
Q

Which of the following is a vine metabolic process in which sugar is broken down and converted into biological energy?

a. respiration
b. transpiration
c. translocation
d. photosynthesis

A

a. respiration

43
Q

Which of the following temperatures signals the beginning of bud break in the spring?

a. 40 degrees F (4.5 C)
b. 50 degrees F (10 C)
c. 60 degrees F (16 C)
d. 70 degrees F (21 C)

A

b. 50 degrees F (10 C)

44
Q

Which of the following soil types has the smallest particle size?

a. sand
b. clay
c. silt
d. rocks

A

b. clay

CSW 2020 Study Guide (23 decks)

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