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CompTIA A+ > Chapter 4 Virtualization and Cloud Computing > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Virtualization and Cloud Computing Flashcards

1
Q

Cloud computing invovles:

A

using virtual machines in commercial data centers to relieve customers of the expense of maintaining a network center

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2
Q

Cloud-based systems allow customers:

A

to pay for only the services and capacity they use which allows businesses to grow their technology capacity as they need it and avoid high up-front costs

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3
Q

The cloud refers to:

A

any type of computing that takes place remotely

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4
Q

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) enables:

A

customers to purchase access to data center infrastructure such as storage, network, and networking services

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5
Q

In the IaaS model, the cloud provider covers:

A

the costs and work involved in equipment, firewall configurations, and other maintenance

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6
Q

One of the key features of IaaS is the:

A

flexibility it offers to customers who can now just use the virtual resources they need when they need them and not pay for them when they don’t need them

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7
Q

IaaS puts users in charge of:

A

all the software used in a project, from applications and data to the operating system

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8
Q

The three largest cloud providers are:

A

Amazon Web Services (AWS)

Microsoft Azure

IBM

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9
Q

Software as a Service (SaaS) refers to:

A

software that is hosted on servers and accessed through a web browser

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10
Q

Examples of SaaS include:

A

Google Docs

Microsoft Office 365

FreshBooks

Salesforce

Basecamp

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11
Q

SaaS is designed for organizations that:

A

need to use a service rather than develop or deploy one

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12
Q

PaaS enables:

A

vendors to develop and deploy application software in a cloud environment

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13
Q

A developer using PaaS can concentrate on:

A

software features instead of possible issues with server hardware and operating systems

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14
Q

Some of the major PaaS vendors include:

A

Oracle Cloud

Google Cloud Platform

Microsoft Azure

Salesforce Platform

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15
Q

Some of the considerations in selecting a PaaS vendor include:

A

Language and server-side support

Integration with existing investments

Costs

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16
Q

Make sure the PaaS vendor you select supports:

A

the languages you use for development and the server-side technologies you apps depend on

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17
Q

Some PaaS vendor products can integrate with:

A

existing apps and data, meaning cloud platforms can work with existing resources instead of requiring them to be replaced entirely

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18
Q

Most PaaS vendors use pricing by:

A

the hour, but some price by the month

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19
Q

There are four general types of cloud computing. They are:

A

Public cloud computing

Private cloud computing

Hybrid cloud computing

Community cloud computing

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20
Q

Public cloud computing is available:

A

to any organization that signs up or pays for it

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21
Q

Private cloud computing is available:

A

only to authorized users in divisions or departments of a single company

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22
Q

Hybrid cloud computing combines:

A

features of public and private cloud computing

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23
Q

A typical Hybrid cloud computing installation includes:

A

dedicated and cloud-based servers and high-speed interconnections with load balancing to move workloads between the environments as needed

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24
Q

Community cloud computing is:

A

a type of hybrid cloud computing that is used by different organizations that are working together

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25
A community cloud computing model works well for:
organizations that are working together temporarily on a single goal or project and then can dissolve the cloud when the project is finished
26
There are two main ways to share devices and data over the Internet:
using an internal cloud using an external cloud
27
With an internal cloud, the company gets:
the virtualization services and flexibility of a commercial cloud but with the security and reliability that comes from existing within the company's network infrastructure
28
An external cloud is a:
cloud solution that exists outside an organization's physical boundaries
29
Rapid elasticity refers to:
the ability to rapidly scale up and scale back cloud computing resources as needed
30
On-demand is a shortened term for:
on-demand self-services
31
On-demand self-services from SaaS provides are available to:
customers when they need them but do not need to be maintained by the customer when they are not needed
32
Resource pooling refers to:
the dynamic combination of a service provider's resources (servers, storage, network connections, and so on) to meet the needs of multiple organizations as demand increases or decreases
33
Measured service refers to:
how cloud services are monitored for quality and effectiveness
34
With cloud-based synchronization:
apps on a mobile device send data to the cloud, where it is downloaded by other mobile apps, by web browsers, or by programs running on Windows or macOS
35
Examples of providers that enable cloud-based synchronization include:
Dropbox Apple iCloud Microsoft OneDrive Google Drive
36
Data that is synced via cloud-based synchronization is:
used by each side of the connection to verify its identity to the other side
37
Mutual authentication enables:
a single login to provide access to multiple services
38
Virtual application streaming of cloud-based applications allows users to:
have more device options for the applications they use
39
Virtual application streaming stores and runs:
the application in the cloud and delivering the results to the user on any device
40
To implement virtual application streaming, a client:
purchases a license and downloads a small app that identifies the person as a user
41
In the virtual application streaming method, the application is presented to:
the user as if it were locally installed, but only the essentials are brought down to the device
42
Virtual desktop refers to:
a user's interface to a computer that is hosted in the cloud
43
When a company uses a vendor's virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI), users can:
use minimally powered devices with an Internet connection and work as if processing were happening locally
44
Virtual desktop is known as what? Why?
thin client networking because the processing is centralized, and only mouse and keyboard inputs are sent across the Internet
45
In order for a VM to interact with other machines it needs to have a:
virtual network interface card (NIC)
46
A virtual network interface card (NIC) provides a:
physical MAC address IP address
47
Administrators can use the virtual machine manager (VMM) to:
assign a specific MAC address
48
If administrators want the VM to communicate with other machines, they can create:
a path, or bridge between the virtual NIC and the physical NIC on the VMM hardware
49
Virtualization enables:
a single computer to run two or more operating systems at the same time, using the same hardware resources
50
A Virtual machine manager (VMM) is:
software that creates and managers virtual machines
51
A VM is a:
machine created by a hypervisor/VMM that runs like any other computer
52
Emulation involves:
software-based reproduction of various operating systems but without the functionality and resource use of virtualization
53
When creating a VM, a VMM/hypervisor sets aside:
memory space that provides access to virtualized storage, ports, video, and other hardware, as well as a hard disk image file known as a virtual hard disk (VHD)
54
When the VM is created, the user specifies:
the type of OS that will be installed
55
After the VM starts, the user can:
install the OS from an .iso image file or from physical media
56
There are two ways that a computer can run a different operating system:
Virtualization Emulation
57
In virtualization, the physical resources are:
divided between VMs that can run independently of each other
58
In emulation, a full reproduction of:
a different OS and different hardware is created by an emulation app, which is then used to run software made for the OS
59
The categories of virtualization are:
host/guest hypervisor server-hosted client-side virtualization
60
In host/guest virtualization:
a PC or workstation runs a standard OS and a VMM that runs inside the OS; each VM is a guest OS
61
Virtual machines enable:
help desktop and support specialists to run older OSs without changing computers and without rebooting their systems
62
Virtual machines enable a single PC to:
run 32-bit and 64-bit versions of the same OS so that applications that run better in 32-bit mode can be run without the need for a separate computer
63
The virtual machines on a computer can perform:
different tasks at the same time, enabling more work to be done with less hardware investment
64
A workstation that will be used for virtualization needs to be designed with:
fast multicore processors and as much RAM as possible, given the limitations of the motherboard and VMM (or host OS)
65
64-bit operating systems or VMMs are not subject to:
the 4GB RAM limit imposed by 32-bit architecture
66
If several VMs will be run at the same time on a workstation, the use of:
two or more displays is highly recommended
67
Why does an emulator require much more RAM and a faster processor than the original hardware being emulated?
Because an emulator must simulate an entire OS and the hardware originally used with the OS
68
Most VMMs or hypervisors require that:
hardware virtualization be enabled in BIOS/UEFI firmware
69
Because a single physical computer can house two or more VMs, knowing:
which computers in an organization are using VMs in a vital first step in securing a virtualized environment
70
Some security issues to consider with virtual networks are:
Monitoring network traffic Backing up VMs Updates and patches Security Best security practices for VMMs and VMs
71
A feature known as extensible switch modules enables:
the OS to monitor network traffic between VMs
72
A VM backup needs to include:
configuration files and virtual disks to ensure that the VM can be restored wherever needed
73
Virtual machine checkpoints or virtual machine snapshots saves:
the state, data, and hardware configuration of a VM while it is running
74
VM updates and patches need to be kept current and antivirus software needs to be installed and updated because:
the host machine cannot scan the VMs for viruses
75
A VMM that enables sandboxing (isolation) of each VM and that provides:
physical partitioning of resources provides better security against attacks
76
Remote administration should be secured by using:
a VPN
77
With most VMMs:
wireless network adapters on the host must be bridged to the virtualized wired network adapter to permit the virtual machine to use the wireless adapter
78
An authentication server is used to:
examine and verify or deny credentials to a use attempting to log into secured networks
79
The machines that create and manage virtual machines are called:
hypervisors
80
Type 1 hypervisor-based virtualization is sometimes referred to as:
bare-metal virtualization
81
In a Type 1 hypervisor-based virtualization that hypervisor itself uses:
few computer resources but more computer resources can be made available to each VM
82
A Type 2 hypervisor is created on:
a running OS
83
With a Type 2 hypervisor, guests are:
one level removed from the hardware and therefore run less efficiently than do guests on Type 1 hypervisors
84
How do you turn on a hypervisor on Window?
Search for "Turn Windows features on or off" select Turn Windows Features on or off from the menu on the left

CompTIA A+ (28 decks)

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