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CompTIA A+ > Chapter 4 Virtualization and Cloud Computing > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Virtualization and Cloud Computing Flashcards

1
Q

Cloud computing invovles:

A

using virtual machines in commercial data centers to relieve customers of the expense of maintaining a network center

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2
Q

Cloud-based systems allow customers:

A

to pay for only the services and capacity they use which allows businesses to grow their technology capacity as they need it and avoid high up-front costs

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3
Q

The cloud refers to:

A

any type of computing that takes place remotely

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4
Q

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) enables:

A

customers to purchase access to data center infrastructure such as storage, network, and networking services

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5
Q

In the IaaS model, the cloud provider covers:

A

the costs and work involved in equipment, firewall configurations, and other maintenance

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6
Q

One of the key features of IaaS is the:

A

flexibility it offers to customers who can now just use the virtual resources they need when they need them and not pay for them when they don’t need them

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7
Q

IaaS puts users in charge of:

A

all the software used in a project, from applications and data to the operating system

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8
Q

The three largest cloud providers are:

A

Amazon Web Services (AWS)

Microsoft Azure

IBM

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9
Q

Software as a Service (SaaS) refers to:

A

software that is hosted on servers and accessed through a web browser

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10
Q

Examples of SaaS include:

A

Google Docs

Microsoft Office 365

FreshBooks

Salesforce

Basecamp

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11
Q

SaaS is designed for organizations that:

A

need to use a service rather than develop or deploy one

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12
Q

PaaS enables:

A

vendors to develop and deploy application software in a cloud environment

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13
Q

A developer using PaaS can concentrate on:

A

software features instead of possible issues with server hardware and operating systems

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14
Q

Some of the major PaaS vendors include:

A

Oracle Cloud

Google Cloud Platform

Microsoft Azure

Salesforce Platform

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15
Q

Some of the considerations in selecting a PaaS vendor include:

A

Language and server-side support

Integration with existing investments

Costs

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16
Q

Make sure the PaaS vendor you select supports:

A

the languages you use for development and the server-side technologies you apps depend on

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17
Q

Some PaaS vendor products can integrate with:

A

existing apps and data, meaning cloud platforms can work with existing resources instead of requiring them to be replaced entirely

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18
Q

Most PaaS vendors use pricing by:

A

the hour, but some price by the month

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19
Q

There are four general types of cloud computing. They are:

A

Public cloud computing

Private cloud computing

Hybrid cloud computing

Community cloud computing

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20
Q

Public cloud computing is available:

A

to any organization that signs up or pays for it

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21
Q

Private cloud computing is available:

A

only to authorized users in divisions or departments of a single company

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22
Q

Hybrid cloud computing combines:

A

features of public and private cloud computing

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23
Q

A typical Hybrid cloud computing installation includes:

A

dedicated and cloud-based servers and high-speed interconnections with load balancing to move workloads between the environments as needed

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24
Q

Community cloud computing is:

A

a type of hybrid cloud computing that is used by different organizations that are working together

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25
Q

A community cloud computing model works well for:

A

organizations that are working together temporarily on a single goal or project and then can dissolve the cloud when the project is finished

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26
Q

There are two main ways to share devices and data over the Internet:

A

using an internal cloud

using an external cloud

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27
Q

With an internal cloud, the company gets:

A

the virtualization services and flexibility of a commercial cloud but with the security and reliability that comes from existing within the company’s network infrastructure

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28
Q

An external cloud is a:

A

cloud solution that exists outside an organization’s physical boundaries

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29
Q

Rapid elasticity refers to:

A

the ability to rapidly scale up and scale back cloud computing resources as needed

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30
Q

On-demand is a shortened term for:

A

on-demand self-services

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31
Q

On-demand self-services from SaaS provides are available to:

A

customers when they need them but do not need to be maintained by the customer when they are not needed

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32
Q

Resource pooling refers to:

A

the dynamic combination of a service provider’s resources (servers, storage, network connections, and so on) to meet the needs of multiple organizations as demand increases or decreases

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33
Q

Measured service refers to:

A

how cloud services are monitored for quality and effectiveness

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34
Q

With cloud-based synchronization:

A

apps on a mobile device send data to the cloud, where it is downloaded by other mobile apps, by web browsers, or by programs running on Windows or macOS

35
Q

Examples of providers that enable cloud-based synchronization include:

A

Dropbox

Apple iCloud

Microsoft OneDrive

Google Drive

36
Q

Data that is synced via cloud-based synchronization is:

A

used by each side of the connection to verify its identity to the other side

37
Q

Mutual authentication enables:

A

a single login to provide access to multiple services

38
Q

Virtual application streaming of cloud-based applications allows users to:

A

have more device options for the applications they use

39
Q

Virtual application streaming stores and runs:

A

the application in the cloud and delivering the results to the user on any device

40
Q

To implement virtual application streaming, a client:

A

purchases a license and downloads a small app that identifies the person as a user

41
Q

In the virtual application streaming method, the application is presented to:

A

the user as if it were locally installed, but only the essentials are brought down to the device

42
Q

Virtual desktop refers to:

A

a user’s interface to a computer that is hosted in the cloud

43
Q

When a company uses a vendor’s virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI), users can:

A

use minimally powered devices with an Internet connection and work as if processing were happening locally

44
Q

Virtual desktop is known as what? Why?

A

thin client networking because the processing is centralized, and only mouse and keyboard inputs are sent across the Internet

45
Q

In order for a VM to interact with other machines it needs to have a:

A

virtual network interface card (NIC)

46
Q

A virtual network interface card (NIC) provides a:

A

physical MAC address

IP address

47
Q

Administrators can use the virtual machine manager (VMM) to:

A

assign a specific MAC address

48
Q

If administrators want the VM to communicate with other machines, they can create:

A

a path, or bridge between the virtual NIC and the physical NIC on the VMM hardware

49
Q

Virtualization enables:

A

a single computer to run two or more operating systems at the same time, using the same hardware resources

50
Q

A Virtual machine manager (VMM) is:

A

software that creates and managers virtual machines

51
Q

A VM is a:

A

machine created by a hypervisor/VMM that runs like any other computer

52
Q

Emulation involves:

A

software-based reproduction of various operating systems but without the functionality and resource use of virtualization

53
Q

When creating a VM, a VMM/hypervisor sets aside:

A

memory space that provides access to virtualized storage, ports, video, and other hardware, as well as a hard disk image file known as a virtual hard disk (VHD)

54
Q

When the VM is created, the user specifies:

A

the type of OS that will be installed

55
Q

After the VM starts, the user can:

A

install the OS from an .iso image file or from physical media

56
Q

There are two ways that a computer can run a different operating system:

A

Virtualization

Emulation

57
Q

In virtualization, the physical resources are:

A

divided between VMs that can run independently of each other

58
Q

In emulation, a full reproduction of:

A

a different OS and different hardware is created by an emulation app, which is then used to run software made for the OS

59
Q

The categories of virtualization are:

A

host/guest

hypervisor

server-hosted

client-side virtualization

60
Q

In host/guest virtualization:

A

a PC or workstation runs a standard OS and a VMM that runs inside the OS; each VM is a guest OS

61
Q

Virtual machines enable:

A

help desktop and support specialists to run older OSs without changing computers and without rebooting their systems

62
Q

Virtual machines enable a single PC to:

A

run 32-bit and 64-bit versions of the same OS so that applications that run better in 32-bit mode can be run without the need for a separate computer

63
Q

The virtual machines on a computer can perform:

A

different tasks at the same time, enabling more work to be done with less hardware investment

64
Q

A workstation that will be used for virtualization needs to be designed with:

A

fast multicore processors and as much RAM as possible, given the limitations of the motherboard and VMM (or host OS)

65
Q

64-bit operating systems or VMMs are not subject to:

A

the 4GB RAM limit imposed by 32-bit architecture

66
Q

If several VMs will be run at the same time on a workstation, the use of:

A

two or more displays is highly recommended

67
Q

Why does an emulator require much more RAM and a faster processor than the original hardware being emulated?

A

Because an emulator must simulate an entire OS and the hardware originally used with the OS

68
Q

Most VMMs or hypervisors require that:

A

hardware virtualization be enabled in BIOS/UEFI firmware

69
Q

Because a single physical computer can house two or more VMs, knowing:

A

which computers in an organization are using VMs in a vital first step in securing a virtualized environment

70
Q

Some security issues to consider with virtual networks are:

A

Monitoring network traffic

Backing up VMs

Updates and patches

Security

Best security practices for VMMs and VMs

71
Q

A feature known as extensible switch modules enables:

A

the OS to monitor network traffic between VMs

72
Q

A VM backup needs to include:

A

configuration files and virtual disks to ensure that the VM can be restored wherever needed

73
Q

Virtual machine checkpoints or virtual machine snapshots saves:

A

the state, data, and hardware configuration of a VM while it is running

74
Q

VM updates and patches need to be kept current and antivirus software needs to be installed and updated because:

A

the host machine cannot scan the VMs for viruses

75
Q

A VMM that enables sandboxing (isolation) of each VM and that provides:

A

physical partitioning of resources provides better security against attacks

76
Q

Remote administration should be secured by using:

A

a VPN

77
Q

With most VMMs:

A

wireless network adapters on the host must be bridged to the virtualized wired network adapter to permit the virtual machine to use the wireless adapter

78
Q

An authentication server is used to:

A

examine and verify or deny credentials to a use attempting to log into secured networks

79
Q

The machines that create and manage virtual machines are called:

A

hypervisors

80
Q

Type 1 hypervisor-based virtualization is sometimes referred to as:

A

bare-metal virtualization

81
Q

In a Type 1 hypervisor-based virtualization that hypervisor itself uses:

A

few computer resources but more computer resources can be made available to each VM

82
Q

A Type 2 hypervisor is created on:

A

a running OS

83
Q

With a Type 2 hypervisor, guests are:

A

one level removed from the hardware and therefore run less efficiently than do guests on Type 1 hypervisors

84
Q

How do you turn on a hypervisor on Window?

A

Search for “Turn Windows features on or off”

select Turn Windows Features on or off from the menu on the left

CompTIA A+ (28 decks)

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