Chapter 4: Verbal communication Flashcards
1
Q
Triangle of meaning
A
- Thought
- Symbol
- Referent
2
Q
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
A
- thoughts we construct are based on language
- lang –> thought
2 versions:
- Ling determinism
- Lang determines the way we interpret the world. - Ling relativity
- Lang affects thought, so speakers of diff lang will perceive the world differently.
3
Q
Language and cultural identity
A
- Fundamental way for groups to distinguish themselves from other groups
- maintains group identity.
- Culture dies if lang dies?
4
Q
Coordinated management of meaning
A
- Constitutive rules
- Defines what a particular communication stands for.
- Helps us to interpret the meaning of different kinds of communication.
- Being professional: punctuality, quality of work.
- e.g: Nodding your head means you agree with what your colleague is saying. - Regulative rules
- Speech acts that are appropriate or inappropriate for the context.
- specifies the 5W 1H of communication.
- sets the boundaries of communication, and what boundaries we should not cross.
- How and when do you interrupt?
- Is it APPROPRIATE?
5
Q
Verbal communication styles
A
- Direct vs Indirect
- Elaborate vs Succinct
- Personal vs Contextual
- Instrumental vs Affective
6
Q
Elaborate vs Succinct
A
Elaborate
-Frequent use of metaphors, proverbs, figurative lang
Succinct
-People give precisely the amount of info necessary.
7
Q
Personal vs Contextual
A
Personal:
- more informal
- more indie ideal-centered lang
Contextual:
- Very formal
- Accentuates status differences
- Emphasis on social roles between participants (e.g: chinese culture)
8
Q
Instrumental vs Affective
A
Instrumental:
- Sender and goal-oriented
- depends on explicit verbal msgs; more step-by-steps.
- e.g: low-context cultures like Western cultures.
Affective:
- Receiver and process-oriented
- Underlying meanings is impt; vague expressions.
9
Q
Linguistic Prejudice
A
- Language others use and lang that is used to describe them can affect our perception of them.
- e.g: towards women (Spender, ‘85)
10
Q
Dijk (1984) clustered prejudiced talk into 4 categories
A
- “They are different” (in culture, mentality)
- “They do not adapt themselves”
- “They threaten our (social, eco) interests”
- “They are involved in negative acts” (crime)