Chapter 4: Verbal communication Flashcards

1
Q

Triangle of meaning

A
  • Thought
  • Symbol
  • Referent
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2
Q

Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

A
  • thoughts we construct are based on language
  • lang –> thought

2 versions:

  • Ling determinism
    - Lang determines the way we interpret the world.
  • Ling relativity
    - Lang affects thought, so speakers of diff lang will perceive the world differently.
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3
Q

Language and cultural identity

A
  • Fundamental way for groups to distinguish themselves from other groups
  • maintains group identity.
  • Culture dies if lang dies?
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4
Q

Coordinated management of meaning

A
  • Constitutive rules
    - Defines what a particular communication stands for.
    - Helps us to interpret the meaning of different kinds of communication.
    - Being professional: punctuality, quality of work.
    - e.g: Nodding your head means you agree with what your colleague is saying.
  • Regulative rules
    - Speech acts that are appropriate or inappropriate for the context.
    - specifies the 5W 1H of communication.
    - sets the boundaries of communication, and what boundaries we should not cross.
    - How and when do you interrupt?
    - Is it APPROPRIATE?
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5
Q

Verbal communication styles

A
  • Direct vs Indirect
  • Elaborate vs Succinct
  • Personal vs Contextual
  • Instrumental vs Affective
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6
Q

Elaborate vs Succinct

A

Elaborate
-Frequent use of metaphors, proverbs, figurative lang

Succinct
-People give precisely the amount of info necessary.

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7
Q

Personal vs Contextual

A

Personal:

  • more informal
  • more indie ideal-centered lang

Contextual:

  • Very formal
  • Accentuates status differences
  • Emphasis on social roles between participants (e.g: chinese culture)
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8
Q

Instrumental vs Affective

A

Instrumental:

  • Sender and goal-oriented
  • depends on explicit verbal msgs; more step-by-steps.
  • e.g: low-context cultures like Western cultures.

Affective:

  • Receiver and process-oriented
  • Underlying meanings is impt; vague expressions.
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9
Q

Linguistic Prejudice

A
  • Language others use and lang that is used to describe them can affect our perception of them.
  • e.g: towards women (Spender, ‘85)
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10
Q

Dijk (1984) clustered prejudiced talk into 4 categories

A
  1. “They are different” (in culture, mentality)
  2. “They do not adapt themselves”
  3. “They threaten our (social, eco) interests”
  4. “They are involved in negative acts” (crime)
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