Chapter 4: Understanding the Spectrum of Athletes and Performance

Question 1

developmental stage

Answer 1

youth vs adult - one of the ways SNCs can distinguish/decide where on the spectrum their clients can call

Question 2

What are 3 different ways SNCs can differentiate where the clients fall on the spectrum?

Answer 2

1. sporting type
2. developmental stage
3. competition level

Question 3

ventilatory & lactate threshold

Answer 3

a point during exercise in which breathing and lactate get build up quick in our bodies (when we feel fatigue the most)

Question 4

energy systems

Answer 4

mechanisms in which body produces energy

Question 5

heart rate variability

Answer 5

the variance of the duration between heart beats

Question 6

hydration status

Answer 6

the status of water balance in body

Question 7

BMR - Basal Metabolic Rate

Answer 7

caloric expenditure when body is at rest (people in their adolescent years have higher BMR 10 - 19) since they need the energy to operate their normal body parts and more active throughout the day

Question 8

General Nutrition Recs for Youth Athletes

Protein percentage
Fat Percentage
Carb Percentage

Answer 8

Protein (15-20% of total calories) 0.8 - 1.2 g/kg

Fat (15% - 30% of total calories)

Carbs (less than 50% of total calories) : 3-8g/kg

Question 9

How much protein is recommended/needed after exercise?

Answer 9

0,4grams/kg x 3 or 4 through out the day

Question 10

Anaerobic

Answer 10

without oxygen (weightlifting, sprinting)

Question 11

Phosphagen System

Answer 11

is a form of anaerobic metabolism. It is the quickest and the most powerful energy source for muscle movement (only about - 10 seconds)

Phosphagen system uses creatine phosphate to create ATP (adenosine triphosphate, which is the chemical used to create all energy and fuels body/muscle movement)

Question 12

Glycolytic System

Answer 12

is a form of anaerobic metabolism that involves breakdown of glucose to create ATP. it provides energy for - 90 seconds of high intensity exercise

Question 13

Aerobic

Answer 13

with oxygen (Example can be jogging, dancing, hiking)

Question 14

Substrate utilization

Answer 14

how certain substance is used up during metabolism - for example how fat and carbs are used up to expend energy during exercise

**represents the contribution of fat and carbohydrates to energy expenditure during exercise

Question 15

Krab Cycle & electron transport chains

Answer 15

both are part of aerobic systems to create ATP during longer duration, lower intensive exercises

Question 16

Endurance exercises - marathons

Answer 16

needing aerobic, slow glycolysis fatty acid oxidation but also may include short bursts of energy that require glycolytic and phosphagen energy systems for energy production

They typical require more protein than general public but less than strength biased athletes

Question 17

Strength biased exercises - powerlifting/weightlifting

Answer 17

needing quick bursts of energy (-10 seconds) getting ATP from creatine phosphate - aerobic

Question 18

Youths & Adolescents athletes

Answer 18

There’s some evidence that they require more energy surplus - substrate oxidation is different with them than adults. They rely heavily on fat oxidation and have lower ability to use glycogen for energy production than adults.

**adolescents, unlike adults, tend to use less glucose and slightly more fat as fuel during exercise.