Chapter 3: EVIDENCE INFORMED PRACTICE Flashcards
Hypothesis
an explanation of something that’s used as basis of investigation and is based on evidence
Theory
a well supported statement/explanation of something incorporated by well supported hypothesis and scientific facts
Evidence Based Practice aka evidence-informed practice
the process where decisions in practice are based upon the most current and available scientific evidence
Peer Reviewed Scientific Research
scientific work, usually in the forms of written papers, that are reviewed and studied by other professional expertise/peers in the same area
Randomized trials
a method of research using a group of participants for experiment
Expert Opinions
thoughts, opinions of an expert within a field
Case study
a focused study of a subject (a person, group, community)
Clinical experience
experience a person gets from practicing in a clinical setting that uses applications, experiential information, and contexts
Scientific Method
a organized/systemized method of uncovering truths through series of steps implemented based on experimentation & investigation
Empirical Evidence
evidence based on experience, observation
State the steps of scientific method
- Identify Problem
- Formulate hypothesis
- Design experiment
- Collect & interpret data
- Accept hypothesis
What are the 3 pillars of evidence based practice?
- Scientific evidence
- Clinical experience/expertise
- Patient/client feedback (empirical evidence)
Filtered information
Unfiltered Information
Primary evidence
Evidence that reports the initial results of a study or experiment (usually includes randomized trials, cohorts, case studies etc)
secondary evidence
reports, compares on the primary evidence and can include narratives, additional explanations, reviews etc
Hierarchy of evidence
ordering and organizing the relative strength of the evidence from studies
Placebo
a substance that has no known effect and is used as a control in randomized trial
Observational studies
A form of experiment/studies that observe a group of people over time (two factors: temporal, nature of the group they study)
retrospective & cross-sectional & prospective studies
different forms of studies that look back/past & present & future in time
**Strongest evidence
1. prospective
2. Retro
3. Cross-sectional
Cohort studies
a study method that follows a group of people to see if an event occurs or not (usually a health outcome or disease)
Case- control study
a type of observational study that separates people at the start of the study by those who experience (case) the outcomes and those who don’t (control)
Impact Factor
metric that SNCs can use to see how dependable, credible the sources/research studies are (shows the number of citations a journal received over time for the quality of the research)
Citations
references to an article, paper, or a book
List primary evidence & secondary evidence
Primary Evidence
- randomized trial
-observational study
-case study
Secondary evidence
-narrative review
-systematic review
-meta analyses
Evidence-based practice
may be defined as a process whereby decisions in practice are based on the best available, most current, valid, and relevant evidence and in which the practitioner’s clinical experience and the needs and input from the client are incorporated.
**Scientific evidence makes up a large portion of evidence-based practice
State the different types of scientific evidence
primary evidence
-randomized trials
-observational studies
-case studies
secondary evidence
-reviews of primary evidence
-meta analyses of research
Clinical experience
built over time from experiences of SNCs and relies on synthesizing and analyzing information to make decisions
