Chapter 4: TISSUES Flashcards
Is a group of cells with similar structure and function, plus the extracellular substance surrounding them.
Tissue
What do you call the Study of tissues?
Histology
What are the 4 types of tissues?
Epithelial tissues
Connective tissues
Muscle tissues
Nervous tissues
The type of tissues where it is a covering or lining tissue.
Example: Covering of the organs
Epithelial
The type of tissue which is a diverse primary tissue type that makes up part of every organ in the body.
Connective
A type of tissues that contracts or shortens, making movement possible.
Muscle
A type of tissues responsible for coordinating and controlling many body activities.
Nervous
A characteristic of epithelial tissue where it is also called as avascular meaning doesn’t have blood supply but it has the ability to multiply or regenerate.
Nonvascular
Epithelial tissue has 3 distinct cell surface. What are these?
Apical or Free surface
Lateral
Basement surface
What is the other term for epithelial tissue?
Epithelium
Included under the classification of epithelial tissue are the 2 glands. What are these?
Exocrine and endocrine glands
What are the characteristics of Epithelial tissue?
- Mostly composed of cells
- Covers body surfaces
- Distinct cell surfaces
- Cell and matrix connections
- Nonvascular
- Capable of regeneration
What are the functions of Epithelial tissues?
- Protect underlying structure
- Acts as a barrier
- Permits passage of substances
- Secretes substances
- Absorption of substances
Epithelial tissues can be classified according to the number of cell layers. What are these?
Simple, Stratified, or Pseudostratified
Classification of Epithelial tissue that consists of a single layer of cells, with each cell extending from the basement membrane to the free surface.
Simple
Classification of Epithelial Tissue that consists of more than one layer of cells, but only the basal layer attaches the deepest layer to the basement membrane.
Stratified
Classification of Epithelial tissue which is a special type of simple epithelium, that appears to be falsely Stratified.
Consists of one layer cells, with all the cells attached to the basement membrane.
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Note: Pseudo means false
What are the 3 types of epithelium based on idealized shapes of the epithelial cells?
Squamous, Cuboidal, and Columnar
Type of epithelium (shape) which cells are flat or scalelike.
Squamous
Type of epithelium (shape) which cells are cubed-shaped – about as wide as they are tall.
Cuboidal
Type of epithelium (shape) which cells tend to be taller than they are wide.
Columnar
This is a single layer of thin, flat cells. Some substances easily pass through this thin layer of cells, but other substances do not.
Examples of organs that have this tissue:
1. Lungs - allows for gas exchange. (diffusion)
2. Kidneys - helps filter wastes from the blood. (filtration)
Simple squamous epithelium
Note: Main function is diffusion and filtration
This is a single layer of cube-like cells that carry out active transport, facilitated diffusion, or secretion.
They have a greater secretory capacity than simple squamous epithelial cells.
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
Note: Main function is secretion and absorption in kidney and lungs.
This is a single layer of tall, thin cells.
The large size of these cells enables them to perform complex functions, such as secretion.
These tissue of the small intestine produces and secretes mucus and digestive enzymes.
Simple Columnar Epithelium