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Anaphy > Chapter 1: The HUMAN Organism > Flashcards

Chapter 1: The HUMAN Organism Flashcards

1
Q

Person standing erect with face and palms forward

A

Anatomical position

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2
Q

All relational descriptions based on the anatomical position, regardless of body orientation.

A

Anatomical position

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3
Q

What is the directional term for ‘above’?

A

Superior

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4
Q

Directional term of ‘below’

A

Inferior

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5
Q

What is the directional term for ‘front’?

A

Anterior

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6
Q

Directional term for ‘back’

A

Posterior

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7
Q

Anterior is also called as what?

A

Ventral

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8
Q

Posterior is also called as what?

A

Dorsal

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9
Q

What do you call it when the body part is close to midline?

A

Medial

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10
Q

What do you call it when the body part is away from midline?

A

Lateral

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11
Q

Far from point of attachment

A

Distal

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12
Q

Close to point of attachment

A

Proximal

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13
Q

Structure close to the surface

A

Superficial

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14
Q

Structure toward the interior of the body

A

Deep

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15
Q

What do you call the plane that separates the body into right and left parts?

A

Sagittal plane

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16
Q

A sagittal plane along the midline that divides the body into equal left and right halves.

A

Median plane

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17
Q

What do you call the horizontal plane that separates the body into superior and inferior parts?

A

Transverse plane

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18
Q

It is a vertical plane that separates the body into anterior and posterior parts.

A

Frontal plane

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19
Q

Upper arm, forearm, wrist, and hand

Which body regions do they belong?
A. Upper limbs
B. Lower limbs
C. Central region

A

A. Upper limbs

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20
Q

Thigh, lower leg, ankle, and foot

Which body regions do they belong?
A. Upper limbs
B. Lower limbs
C. Central region

A

B. Lower limbs

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21
Q

Head, neck, trunk

Which body regions do they belong?
A. Upper limbs
B. Lower limbs
C. Central region

A

C. Central region

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22
Q

In subdivisions of the Abdomen, enumerate the quadrants.

A

Right-upper quadrant
Left-upper quadrant
Right-lower quadrant
Left-lower quadrant

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23
Q

In subdivisions of the abdomen, enumerate the 9 regions.

A

Right hypochondriac region
Right lumbar region
Right Iliac region

Epigastric region
Umbilical region
Hypogastric region

Left hypochondriac region
Left lumbar region
Left Iliac region

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24
Q

It is a space within chest wall and diaphragm. It contains the heart, lungs, thymus gland, esophagus, and trachea.

A

Thoracic Cavity

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25
Q

It is the space between lungs. It contains heart, thymus gland, esophagus, and trachea.

A

Mediastinum

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26
Q

It is the space between diaphragm and pelvis. It contains stomach, intestines, liver, spleen, pancreas, and kidneys.

A

Abdominal cavity

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27
Q

It is the space within pelvis. It contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, part of large intestine.

A

Pelvic cavity

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28
Q

It surrounds the heart and blood vessels in the pericardial cavity.

A

Pericardium

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29
Q

What do you call the pericardium that covers the heart?

A

Visceral pericardium

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30
Q

What do you call the fluid inside the cavity that surrounds the heart?

A

Pericardial fluid

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31
Q

What pleura covers the lungs?

A

Visceral pleura

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32
Q

Reduces friction. Adheres lungs to thoracic wall.

A

Pleural cavity

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33
Q

Lines inner wall of thorax

A

Parietal pleura

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34
Q

What is the membrane, a sheet of smooth tissue that lines your abdominopelvic cavity and surround your abdominal organs?

A

Peritoneum

35
Q

Covers and anchors the organs in the abdominal cavity.

Double layers called mesenteries

A

Visceral peritoneum

36
Q

Investigates body structure.
The term means to dissect.

A

Anatomy

37
Q

Investigates processes and functions.
Studies the human organism

A

Physiology

38
Q

Studies body cells

A

Cellular Physiology

39
Q

Studies body organ-systems

A

Systemic Physiology

40
Q

The type of Anatomy that studies body organ-systems.

A

Systemic

41
Q

The type of anatomy that studies body regions.

A

Regional

42
Q

The type of anatomy that studies external features.

Example: Bone projections

A

Surface

43
Q

The type of Anatomy that uses technologies such as x-rays, ultrasound, and MRI.

A

Anatomical imaging

44
Q

Smallest level

Atoms, chemical bonds, molecules

A

Chemical

45
Q

_____ is the basic unit of life.

A

Cell

46
Q

Group of cells with similar structure and function plus extracellular substances they release.

Four broad types: Epithelial, Connective, Muscular, Nervous

A

Tissues

47
Q

Two or more tissue types acting together to perform functions.

A

Organs

48
Q

Group of organs contributing to some function.

A

Organ-system

49
Q

What level it is when All organ systems working together and make up an _________.

A

Organism level

50
Q

What system is the largest organ of the body that forms a physical barrier between the external environment and internal environment that it serves to protect and maintain. Consist of skin and hair.

A

Integumentary system

51
Q

What system provides protection, support, and allows body movements.

A

Skeletal system

52
Q

What system of the body produces body movements, maintains posture, and produces body heat. Consists of muscles attached to the skeleton by tendons.

A

Muscular system

53
Q

What system of the body detects sensations, control movements, physiological processes, and intellectual functions. Consists of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors.

A

Nervous system

54
Q

What system is consist of glands, such as pituitary, that secrete hormones. Influences metabolism, growth, reproduction, and etc.

A

Endocrine system

55
Q

What system of the body consists the heart, blood vessels, and blood.

A

Cardiovascular system

56
Q

What system of the body removes foreign substances from the blood and lymph, combats disease, maintains tissue fluid balance, and absorbs dietary fats from the digestive tract.

A

Lymphatic system

57
Q

What system of the body exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and air and regulates blood pH.

A

Respiratory system

58
Q

Performs the mechanical and chemical processes of digestion, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of wastes.

A

Digestive system

59
Q

What system of the body produces oocytes and is the site of fertilization and fetal development; produces milk for the newborn; produces hormones that influence sexual function and behaviors.

A

Female reproductive system

60
Q

What system of the body produces and transfers sperm cells to the female and produces hormones that influence sexual functions and behaviors.

A

Male reproductive system

61
Q

Maintenance of constant internal environment despite fluctuations in the external or internal environment.

A

Homeostasis

62
Q

In characteristics of Life

It is the functional interrelationship between parts

A

Organization

63
Q

In characteristics of Life

It is the sum of all chemical and physical changes sustaining an organism.

Ability to acquire and use energy in support of these changes.

A

Metabolism

64
Q

In characteristics of Life

It is the ability to sense and respond to environmental changes (both external and internal).

A

Responsiveness

65
Q

In characteristics of Life

It is the increase in size of cells, groups of cells, and extracellular materials.

A

Growth

66
Q

In characteristics of Life

It is when something changes in form and size. There are changes in cell structure and function from generalized to specialized (differentiation).

A

Development

67
Q

In characteristics of Life

It is the formation of new cells or new organisms. It can be about generation of new individuals or tissue repair.

A

Reproduction

68
Q

Measures of body properties that may change in value

Examples: body temperature, heart rate

A

Variables

69
Q

What do you call the normal extent of increase or decrease around a set point?

A

Normal range

70
Q

In homeostasis, it is the normal or average value of a variable.

A

Set point

71
Q

Blood clotting or childbirth is an example of what feedback?

A. Positive feedback
B. Negative feedback

A

A. Positive feedback

72
Q

What feedback continuously regulate critical body processes including temperature, pH, and hormone regulation to maintain homeostasis?

A. Positive feedback
B. Negative feedback

A

B. Negative feedback

Note: This is the most common

73
Q

In homeostasis

What are the 3 components of feedback?

A

Receptor - detects changes in variable.

Control center - receiver receptor signal, establishes set point, and sends signal to effector.

Effector - directly causes change in variable.

74
Q

Anatomical position is also called

A

Default position

75
Q

Eyes is ___ to your nose.

Is it superior, inferior, anterior, or posterior?

A

Superior

76
Q

Mouth is ___ to your eyes.

Is it superior, inferior, anterior, or posterior?

A

Inferior

77
Q

My stomach is ___ to my spine.

Is it superior, inferior, anterior, or posterior?

A

Anterior

78
Q

Sternum is ___ to my pectoral.

  • Sternum is the bone at the center of the chest.
  • Pectoral is the muscle on the chest or breast part.

Is it Anterior, Posterior, Medial, Lateral?

A

Medial

79
Q

Your ribs is ___ to your sternum.

  • Sternum is the bone at the center of the chest.
  • Ribs are the bone covering the chest.

Is it Anterior, Posterior, Medial, Lateral?

A

Lateral

80
Q

The fingers are ___ to your elbow.

A

Distal

81
Q

The elbow is ___ to your wrist.

A

Proximal

82
Q

The knee is ___ to your toes.

A

Proximal

83
Q

Skin - outermost
Subcutaneous
Fascia
Muscle
Bones

A

Subcutaneous is ___ to your bones (Superficial)

Your bone is ___ to your muscle (Deep)

Fascia is ___ to your muscle (Superficial)

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