CHAPTER 3: CELL ANATOMY Flashcards
Specialized structures in cells that perform specific functions.
Example: nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes
Organelles
Jelly-like substance that holds organelles.
Cytoplasm
Also termed the plasma membrane. It is a structure that encloses the cytoplasm.
Cell membrane
What are the functions of the cell?
• Smallest units of life
• Cell metabolism and energy use
• Synthesis of molecules
• Communication
• Reproduction and inheritance
Is the outermost component of the cell. It forms a boundary between material inside the cell and outside. It acts as a selective barrier.
Cell membrane
Materials inside the cell are called what?
Intracellular
Materials outside the cell are called what?
Extracellular
The fluid inside the cell is called _______
Intracellular Fluid (ICF)
The fluid outside the cell is called ________.
Extracellular fluid (ECF)
What is the model used to describe the cell membrane structure?
Fluid-mosaic model
Add: It is proposed by Singer-Nicolson.
The cell membrane of the cell contains ________, _______, ________, and ________.
Phospholipid, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates
The cell membrane of the cell forms phospholipid bilayer and it contain 2 regions. What are these?
Polar region - This part is the head which is hydrophilic - loves water
Nonpolar region - This part is the tail which is hydrophobic - fear water
Note: This phospholipid bilayer is passive (doesn’t use energy)
A phospholipid molecule has a polar head region that is _________ and a nonpolar tail region that is _________.
Hydrophilic
Hydrophobic
The _______ region of the phospholipid is exposed to water around the membrane.
Polar
The ______ region of the phospholipid is facing the interior of the membrane.
Nonpolar
The cell membrane has ____________, which allows only certain substances to pass in and out of the cell.
Selective permeability
Substances such as _______, ________, and ________ are found in higher concentrations inside the cell.
Enzymes, glycogen, and potassium
Substances such as ________, ________, and ________ are found in higher concentrations outside the cell.
Sodium, calcium, and chloride
PISO in cell membrane means
Note: This is only a technique from our professor for us to remember this part in cell.
Potassium INSIDE Sodium OUTSIDE
Some substances, like _____ and _____, can pass directly through the cell membrane’s phospholipid bilayer
Oxygen (O2) and Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Some substances must pass through transmembrane protein channels, such as _____ through its channels.
Sodium (Na+)
The route of transport through the membrane depends in the _____,_____, and ______ of the substance.
Size, shape, and charge
Some substances require carrier molecules to transport them across the cell membrane, such as _______.
Glucose
Some substances require a ________ across the cell membrane. The vesicle must fuse with the cell membrane for transport.
Vesicular transport