Chapter 4: Thinking about People and Situations (social cognition) Flashcards
Social Cognition
The study of how people think about the social world and arrive at judgements that help us interpret the past, understand the present, and predict the future.
Self-Fulfilling prophecy
The tendency for people to behave in ways that bring about the very thing they expect to happen.
Pluralistic Ignorance
When people act in ways that contradict their true attitudes and beliefs because of the concern of social consequences.
Primacy Effect
The information presented first exerts the most influence
Recency effect
The information presented last has the most impact on
What are known as the order effects?
The primacy and recency effects
Order efffects are a type of…
Framing effect
Framing effect
the influence on judgement resulting from the way information is presented, such as the order of presentation or the wording.
Pure framing
Changing the information and reordering it.
Spin framing
Varies the context, not just the order of what is presented.
Confirmation Bias
The tendency to seek, interpret, and create info. that verifies our preconceived beliefs about the world.
What is the construal level theory?
a theory about how the relationship between temporal distance and abstract or concrete thinking: physiologically distant actions and events are thought about in abstract terms; actions and events that are close at hand are thought about in concrete terms.
What is a schema?
An organized set of knowledge about a stimulus (attributes, relationships, examples). It can be functional yet problematic.
What are the types of schemas?
- People (stereotypes)
- Traits
Like an extrovert vs. an introvert. - Situations (scripts)
A party, a first date, going to the gym
Helps us know what to expect in these situations based on our past experiences. - Ourselves (Who we are or what we want to be)
What does availability mean with schemas?
Does the person have the schema available about a certain person or situation?
