Chapter 4 - Theories of Cognitive Dev't Flashcards
What are the main questions addressed by the Piagetian theories?
- nature-nurture
- continuity/discontinuity
- the active child
What are the main questions addressed by the Information-processing theory?
- nature-nurture
- how change occurs
What are the main questions addressed by the Sociocultural theory?
- nature-nurture
- influence of the sociocultural content
- how change occurs
What are the main questions addressed by the dynamic-systems theory?
- nature-nurture
- the active child
- how change occurs
How are children seen in Piaget’s theory?
seen as…
- active learners
- learning many important lessons on their own
- intrinsically motivated to learn
According to Piaget’s theory, what are children’s most important constructive processes?
- generating hypotheses
- performing experiments
- drawing conclusions
What is the difference between assimilation and accommodation?
- Assimilation: incorporation into an existing schema
- Accommodation: modification of a prior schema
What is equilibrium within Piaget’s theory?
- the constant shift between assimilation and accommodation
How do accommodation, assimilation, and equilibrium work together to propel development forward?
- assimilation: people translate incoming info into terms they can understand
- accommodation: process of people adapting their current knowledge in response to new experiences
- equilibrium: process of people balancing accommodation and assimilation to create stable understanding
What are the 4 stages of Piaget’s theory?
1) sensorimotor
2) preoperational
3) concrete operational
4) formal operational
What are the central properties of Piaget’s stage theory?
- qualitative changes between stages
- invariant sequence (for order of stage occurrence)
Describe the Piaget’s sensorimotor stage.
(Age range and key characteristics)
- birth to 2 years old
- initially, activities center on their own bodies
- later, their activities include the world around them
- later, infants are able to form mental representations
- object permanence(around 8 months)
What is object prominence?
a child’s ability to know that objects continue to exist even though they can no longer be seen or heard
Explain the A not B Task
- a toy is hidden under the same cloth several times and retrieved by a baby.
- toy is then relocated to a different location
- Babies under 8 months usually look in the original hiding spot while older infants find the toy in the new spot
Describe Piaget’s Preoperational stage.
(age and key characteristics)
- 2 to 7 years old
- toddlers and preschoolers begin to represent experiences in language and mental imagery
- symbolic representation
- egocentrism
- centration
Describe the 3 mountains task
- child asked to look at 3D modeled landscape
- child asked to describe what they see
- child then asked to describe model from researcher’s pov
- child often only describe what they see and not the other pov (egocentrism)