Chapter 4: The Urinary System (page 24)

Question 1

The urinary system filters the _______, eliminates ___________ produced by cellular metabolism and
regulates blood ______, _________ and ________.

Answer 1

Blood

Organic Wastes

Pressure Volume Composition

Question 2

The organs of the urinary system include:

Answer 2

**Kidneys (2)
Ureters (2)
Bladder (1)
Urethra (1) **

Question 3

The bean-shaped kidneys lie __________ on the posterior abdominal wall in the superior lumbar region.

Answer 3

Retroperitoneal

Question 4

The kidney is convex laterally and has a medial indentation called _______. The ureters, renal blood vessels and nerves enter and exit the kidney at this structure.

Answer 4

Hilus

Question 5

In order to clean the blood, the renal arteries deliver over 20% of ___________ (1200 mL) to the kidneys each minute.

Answer 5

Cardiac Output

Question 6

The kidneys extend from ________ and thus, receive some protection from the 12th ribs. An adult kidney is usually ____ long and ____ wide and ____ thick.

Answer 6

T12 - L3

12th rib

12cm **6cm **3cm

Question 7

____________ - This is the fibrous transparent covering that encloses each kidney.

Answer 7

Renal capsule

Question 8

Which of the kidneys is in a lower position?

Answer 8

Right kidney

Question 9

Each kidney contains over 1 million tiny blood-processing units called ________.

Answer 9

Nephrons

Question 10

What structures will the cross section of the a kidney show?

Answer 10

**Cortex
Medulla
Pyramids
Papilla
Pelvis (renal pelvis)
Calyx **

Question 11

This is a division of the renal pelvis, to which the papilla of the pyramids open. These collect the urine, which drains the pyramids into the renal pelvis.

Answer 11

Calyx

Question 12

This structure is the outer part of the kidney.

Answer 12

Cortex

Question 13

_________ – The triangular divisions of the medulla of the kidney.

Answer 13

Pyramids

Question 14

________ – The inner portion of the kidney.

Answer 14

Medulla

Question 15

What are the 2 main parts of the nephron?

Answer 15

Renal Corpsucle

Renal Tubule

Question 16

The kidney’s nephrons form urine using a series of three processes:

Answer 16

Glomerular Filtration
Tubular Reabsorption
Tubular Secretion

Question 17

This is the network of blood vessels tucked into the Bowman’s capsule

Answer 17

Glomerulus

Question 18

This structure is the cup-shaped top of a nephron. This surrounds the glomerulus.

Answer 18

Bowman’s Capsule

Question 19

_____________ - This is the first segment of a renal tubule.

Answer 19

Proximal convoluted tubule

Question 20

This is the straight part of the renal tubule. It is the distal tubules of several nephrons which join together to form a single collecting duct.

Answer 20

Collecting Tubule

Question 21

This is the extension of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle.

Answer 21

Distal convoluted tubule

Question 22

___________ - This is the extension of the proximal tubule. It has ________ and _______ parts.

Answer 22

Loop of Henle

Descending

**Ascending **

Question 23

Waste product produced by the kidneys is called _____. This flows out of the kidney through the _____ into the ___________ where it is stored.

Answer 23

Urine

Ureters

Urinary Bladder

Question 24

The _________ is the main functional unit of the kidneys.

Answer 24

Nephron

Question 25

TRUE or FALSE:

In females, the urethra
performs both reproductive and urinary function.

Answer 25

FALSE.

In females, the urinary and reproductive passages are completely separate.

Question 26

Where does the process of filtration occur and urine formation begin?

Answer 26

Renal corpuscles

Question 27

_________ of glomerular filtrate is produced every day and nearly all the filtrate is reabsorbed.

Answer 27

180 Litres

Question 28

Filtration is a passive process and high blood pressure flowing through the _________ pushes water (H2O) and dissolved substances out of this structure and into the __________.

Answer 28

Glomerulus

Bowman’s capsule

Question 29

This stage of urine formation begins in the _______________, continues in the ____________, then the ________________ and collecting tubules.

Answer 29

• *Proximal convoluted tubules **
• *Loop of Henle Distal convoluted tubules**

Question 30

Water is reabsorbed by _________.

Answer 30

Osmosis

99% of water is reabsorbed.

Question 31

In healthy kidneys, most of the glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed in the ___________. Glucose in the urine is called _________.

Answer 31

Proximal tubules

Glycouria

Question 32

This is the process by which substances move into the urine from the capillaries into the distal and collecting tubules.

Answer 32

Tubular Secretion

Hydrogen, potassium, ammonia and certain drugs are secreted from the capillaries into the filtrate.

Question 33

How does the body control the amount and competition of urine excreted by controlling the amount of water and
dissolved substances?

Answer 33

The body controls this by using** hormones**.

ADH, Aldosterone and ANH

Question 34

If there is very little or no ADH present there is excessive loss of water from the body because the _________ do not reabsorb any water.

Answer 34

Tubules

Question 35

When __________ is present in the blood, the collecting tubules are permeable to water, and water is reabsorbed from them, therefore there is less water lost from the body as urine.

Answer 35

Anti-diuretic Hormone (ADH)

Question 36

This hormone stimulates the tubules to reabsorb sodium and because ‘water follows salt’ more water gets reabsorbed by the body.

Answer 36

Aldosterone

Question 37

_________ stimulates kidney tubules to secrete more sodium, therefore, the body will lose more water. This hormone has the opposite effect of __________.

Answer 37

**Natriuretic hormone **(ANH)

Question 38

_________ – Scanty amounts of urine

Answer 38

Oligouria

Question 39

_________ – Usually large amounts of urine

Answer 39

Polyuria

Question 40

This is the absence of urine.

Answer 40

Anuria

Question 41

____________ is the inability to control urination voluntary.

Answer 41

Incontinence

Question 42

__________ causes contraction of the bladder wall muscles and relaxation of the internal sphincter.

Answer 42

Emptying reflex

Question 43

If the bladder fills to capacity, ____________________ occurs and urination occurs.

Answer 43

**Loss of voluntary control of the external sphincter **