Chapter 4 Test Techniques

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a black box technique:

A. Equivalence partitioning

B. State transition testing

C. LCSAJ

D. Boundary value analysis

Answer 1

C. LCSAJ

Question 2

Postal rates for ‘light letters’ are 25p up to 10g, 35p up to 50g plus an extra 10p for each additional 25g up to 100g.

Which test inputs (in grams) would be selected using equivalence partitioning?

A. 8, 42, 82, 102

B. 4, 15, 65, 92, 159

C. 10, 50, 75, 100

D. 5, 20, 40, 60, 80

Answer 2

B. 4, 15, 65, 92, 159

Question 3

What is checklist-based testing?

A. A test technique in which tests are derived based on the tester’s knowledge of past faults, or general knowledge of failures.

B. Procedure to derive and/or select test cases based on an analysis of the specification, either functional or non-functional, of a component or system without reference to its internal structure.

C. An experience-based test technique whereby the experienced tester uses a list of items to be noted, checked, or remembered, or a set of rules or criteria against which a product has to be verified.

D. An approach to testing where the testers dynamically design and execute tests based on their knowledge, exploration of the test item and the results of previous tests.

Answer 3

C. An experience-based test technique whereby the experienced tester uses a list of items to be noted, checked, or remembered, or a set of rules or criteria against which a product has to be verified.

Question 4

Which one of the following options is categorized as a black-box test technique?

A. A technique based on analysis of the architecture.

B. A technique checking that the test object is working according to the technical design.

C. A technique based on the knowledge of past faults, or general knowledge of failures.

D. A technique based on formal requirements.

Answer 4

D. A technique based on formal requirements.

Question 5

Which one of the following is the description of statement coverage?

A. It is a metric, which is the percentage of test cases that have been executed.

B. It is a metric, which is the percentage of statements in the source code that have been executed.

C. It is a metric, which is the number of statements in the source code that have been executed by test cases that are passed.

D. It is a metric, that gives a true/false confirmation if all statements are covered or not.

Answer 5

B. It is a metric, which is the percentage of statements in the source code that have been executed.

Question 6

Which statement about the relationship between statement coverage and decision coverage is true?

A. 100% decision coverage also guarantees 100% statement coverage.

B. 100% statement coverage also guarantees 100% decision coverage.

C. 50% decision coverage also guarantees 50% statement coverage.

D. Decision coverage can never reach 100%.

Answer 6

A. 100% decision coverage also guarantees 100% statement coverage.

Question 7

For which of the following situations is explorative testing suitable?

A. When time pressure requires speeding up the execution of tests already specified.

B. When the system is developed incrementally and no test charter is available.

C. When testers are available who have sufficient knowledge of similar applications and technologies.

D. When an advanced knowledge of the system already exists and evidence is to be provided that it should be tested intensively

Answer 7

C. When testers are available who have sufficient knowledge of similar applications and technologies.

Question 8

Which of the following BEST matches the descriptions with the different categories of test techniques?

1. Coverage is measured based on a selected structure of the test object.
2. The processing within the test object is checked.
3. Tests are based on defects’ likelihood and their distribution.
4. Deviations from the requirements are checked.
5. User stories are used as the test basis.

Black - Black-box test techniques

White - White-box test techniques

Experience - Experience-based test techniques

A. Black – 4, 5 White – 1, 2 Experience – 3

B. Black – 3 White – 1, 2 Experience – 4, 5

C. Black – 4 White – 1, 2 Experience – 3, 5

D. Black – 1, 3, 5 White – 2 Experience – 4

Answer 8

A. Black – 4, 5 White – 1, 2 Experience – 3

Question 9

Which of the following statements BEST describes how test cases are derived from a use case?

A. Test cases are created to exercise defined basic, exceptional and error behaviors performed by the system under test in collaboration with actors.

B. Test cases are derived by identifying the components included in the use case and creating integration tests that exercise the interactions of these components.

C. Test cases are generated by analyzing the interactions of the actors with the system to ensure the user interfaces are easy to use.

D. Test cases are derived to exercise each of the decision points in the business process flows of the use case, to achieve 100% decision coverage of these flows.

Answer 9

A. Test cases are created to exercise defined basic, exceptional and error behaviors performed by the system under test in collaboration with actors.

Question 10

Which of the following BEST describes the concept behind error guessing?

A. Error guessing requires you to imagine you are the user of the test object and guess mistakes the user could make interacting with it.

B. Error guessing involves using your personal experience of development and the mistakes you made as a developer.

C. Error guessing involves using your knowledge and experience of defects found in the past and typical mistakes made by developers.

D. Error guessing requires you to rapidly duplicate the development task to identify the sort of mistakes a developer might make.

Answer 10

C. Error guessing involves using your knowledge and experience of defects found in the past and typical mistakes made by developers.

Question 11

Prior to an iteration planning session, you are studying a user story and its acceptance criteria, deriving test conditions and associated test cases from the user story as a way of applying the principle of early QA and test. What test technique are you applying?

A. White-box

B. Black-box

C. Experience-based

D. Error guessing

Answer 11

B. Black-box

Question 12

Which of the following is a true statement about exploratory testing?

A. More experienced testers who have tested similar applications and technologies are likely to do better than less experienced testers at exploratory testing

B. Exploratory testing does not identify any additional tests beyond those that would result from formal test techniques

C. The time required to complete an exploratory testing session cannot be predicted in advance

D. Exploratory testing can involve the use of black-box techniques but not white-box techniques

Answer 12

A. More experienced testers who have tested similar applications and technologies are likely to do better than less experienced testers at exploratory testing

Question 13

You are testing a mobile app that allows customers to access and manage their bank accounts.

You are running a test suite that involves evaluating each screen and each field on each screen against a general list of user interface best practices, derived from a popular book on the topic, that maximize attractiveness, ease-of-use, and accessibility for such apps. Which of the following options BEST categorizes the test technique you are using?

A. Specification-based

B. Exploratory

C. Checklist-based

D. Error guessing

Answer 13

C. Checklist-based

Question 14

Consider a mobile app that allows customers to access and manage their bank accounts.

A user story has just been added to the set of features that checks customers’ social media accounts and bank records to give personalized greetings on birthdays and other personal milestones.

Which of the following test techniques could a PROGRAMMER use during a unit test of the code to ensure that coverage of situations when the greetings ARE supposed to occur and when the greetings ARE NOT supposed to occur?

A. Statement testing

B. Exploratory testing

C. State transition testing

D. Decision testing

Answer 14

D. Decision testing

Question 15

15. Which of the following descriptions of decision coverage is CORRECT?

A. Decision coverage is a measure of the percentage of possible paths through the source code exercised by tests.

B. Decision coverage is a measure of the percentage of business flows through the component exercised by tests.

C. Decision coverage is a measure of the ‘if’ statements in the code that are exercised with both the true and false outcomes.

D. Decision coverage is a measure of the proportion of decision outcomes in the source code exercised by tests.

Answer 15

D. Decision coverage is a measure of the proportion of decision outcomes in the source code exercised by tests.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a standard related to testing?

A. IEEE829

B. IEEE610

C. BS7925-1

D. BS7925-2

Answer 16

B. IEEE610

Question 17

How do experience-based techniques differ from specification-based techniques?

A. They depend on the tester’s understanding of the way the system is structured rather than on a documented record of what the system should do.

B. They depend on having older testers rather than younger testers.

C. They depend on a documented record of what the system should do rather than on an individual’s personal view.

D. They depend on an individual’s personal view rather than on a documented record of what the system should do.

Answer 17

D. They depend on an individual’s personal view rather than on a documented record of what the system should do.

Question 18

Boundary value testing

A. Is the same as equivalence partitioning tests

B. Test boundary conditions on, below and above the edges of input and output equivalence classes

C. Tests combinations of input circumstances

D. Is used in white box testing strategy

Answer 18

B. Test boundary conditions on, below and above the edges of input and output equivalence classes

Question 19

A test design technique is

A. A process for selecting test cases

B. A process for determining expected outputs

C. A way to measure the quality of software

D. A way to measure in a test plan what has to be done

Answer 19

A. A process for selecting test cases

Question 20

Which testing technique do you prefer for the following situations?

1. Severe time pressure
2. Inadequate specification

A. Decision testing

B. Error guessing

C. Statement testing

D. Exploratory testing

Answer 20

D. Exploratory testing

Question 21

Which test design techniques should a tester use, respectively, to achieve the following: (a) documented features of the system, (b) ensure 100% decision coverage, and (c) detect likely defects and distribution?

A. Specification-based, data-driven testing, and defect density techniques

B. Specification-based, branch coverage, and exploratory techniques

C. Structure-based, equivalence partitioning, and exploratory techniques

D. Specification-based, structure-based, and experience-based techniques

Answer 21

D. Specification-based, structure-based, and experience-based techniques

Question 22

Which of the following could be a coverage measure for state transition testing?

V. All states have been reached.

W. The response time for each transaction is adequate.

X. Every transition has been exercised.

Y. All boundaries have been exercised.

Z. Specific sequences of transitions have been exercised.

A. X, Y and Z

B. V, X, Y and Z

C. W,X and Y

D. V, X and Z

Answer 22

D. V, X and Z

Question 23

What techniques would be MOST appropriate to check status changes based on certain events?

A. State transition

B. Equivalence partitioning

C. Boundary value analysis

D. Decision table

Answer 23

A. State transition

Question 24

Use case testing is useful for which of the following?

P. Designing acceptance tests with users or customers.

Q. Making sure that the mainstream business processes are tested.

R. Finding defects in the interaction between components.

S. Identifying the maximum and minimum values for every input field.

T. Identifying the percentage of statements exercised by a sets of tests.

A. P, Q and R

B. Q, S and T

C. P,Q and S

D. R, S and T

Answer 24

A. P, Q and R

Question 25

The ___________ technique can be used to achieve input and output coverage.

A. Boundary value analysis

B. Equivalence partitioning

C. Decision table testing

D. State transition testing

Answer 25

B. Equivalence partitioning

Question 26

A speed control and reporting system has the following characteristics:

If you drive 50 km/h or less, nothing will happen.

If you drive faster than 50 km/h, but no more than 55 km/h, you will be warned.

If you drive faster than 55 km/h but not more than 60 km/h, you will be fined.

If you drive faster than 60 km/h, your driving license will be suspended.

The speed in km/h is available to the system as an integer value.

Which would be the most likely set of values (km/h) identified by applying the boundary value analysis, where only the boundary values on the boundaries of the equivalence classes are relevant?

A. 0, 49, 50, 54, 59, 60.

B. 50, 55, 60.

C. 49, 50, 54, 55, 60, 62.

D. 50, 51, 55, 56, 60, 61.

Answer 26

D. 50, 51, 55, 56, 60, 61.

Question 27

You are testing an unattended gasoline pump that only accepts credit cards.

Once the credit card is validated, the pump nozzle placed into the tank, and the desired grade selected, the customer enters the desired amount of fuel in gallons using the keypad. The keypad only allows the entry of digits. Fuel is sold in tenths (0.1) of a gallon, up to 50.0 gallons.

Which of the following is a minimum set of desired amounts that covers the equivalence partitions for this input?

A. 0.0, 20.0, 60.0

B. 0.0, 0.1, 50.0

C. 0.0, 0.1, 50.0, 70.0

D. -0.1, 0.0, 0.1, 49.9, 50.0, 50.1

Answer 27

A. 0.0, 20.0, 60.0

Question 28

Given the following:

Switch PC on

Start “outlook”

IF outlook appears THEN

Send an email

Close outlook

A. 1 test for statement coverage, 1 for branch coverage

B. 1 test for statement coverage, 2 for branch coverage

C. 1 test for statement coverage. 3 for branch coverage

D. 2 tests for statement coverage, 2 for branch coverage

E. 2 tests for statement coverage, 3 for branch coverage

Answer 28

B. 1 test for statement coverage, 2 for branch coverage

Question 29

Minimum Test Required for Statement Coverage:

Disc = 0

Order-qty = 0

Read Order-qty

If Order-qty >=20 then

Disc = 0.05

If Order-qty >=100 then

Disc =0.1

End if

End if

A. Statement coverage is 4

B. Statement coverage is 1

C. Statement coverage is 3

D. Statement Coverage is 2

Answer 29

B. Statement coverage is 1

Question 30

To test an input field that accepts a two-digit day based on a particular month, which data set demonstrates boundary value analysis?

A. 0, 1, 15, 31, and 100

B. 1, 27, 28, 30, and 31

C. 2, 26, 27, 29, and 30

D. -1, 0, 15, 32, and 99

Answer 30

B. 1, 27, 28, 30, and 31

Question 31

Analyze the following highly simplified procedure:

Ask: “What type of ticket do you require, single or return?” 
IF the customer wants ‘return’ 
Ask: “What rate, Standard or Cheap-day?”
IF the customer replies ‘Cheap-day’ 
Say: “That will be £11:20” 
ELSE Say: “That will be £19:50” 
ENDIF
ELSE 
Say: “That will be £9:75” 
ENDIF

Now decide the minimum number of tests that are needed to ensure that all the questions have been asked, all combinations have occurred and all replies given.

A. 3

B. 4

C. 5

D. 6

Answer 31

A. 3