Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

classes. > chapter 4 test review sheet > Flashcards

chapter 4 test review sheet Flashcards

1
Q

What is an enzyme?

A

Proteins that allow chemical reactions in the body to speed up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is anabolism?

A

process in metabolism where the simple molecules combine to generate complex molecules.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is catabolism?

A

relatively large molecules in living cells are broken down, or degraded.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Compare anabolism and catabolism

A

the energy from catabolism provides the energy for anabolism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Contrast anabolism and catabolism

A

Anabolism requires energy to grow and build. Catabolism uses energy to break down.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is metabolism?

A

The chemical changes that take place in a cell or an organism (made up of both anabolism and catabolism)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Dehydration synthesis vs. hydrolysis

A

Dehydration synthesis reactions build molecules up and generally require energy, while hydrolysis reactions break molecules down and generally release energy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a polypeptide bond?

A

the bond used by amino acids to form proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a dipeptide?

A

A dipeptide is formed when two Amino acids join together by one peptide bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a polypeptide?

A

chains of amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Enzymes act as catalysts, what does this mean?

A

they lower the activation energy for reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a substrate?

A

a molecule acted upon by an enzyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the active site?

A

the region of an enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is significant about the shape of an enzyme?

A

the shape is formed specific to the substrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What do catalyst/enzyme names end with?

A

“-ase”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a cofactor?

A

a non-protein chemical that assists with a reaction

17
Q

What is a coenzyme?

A

an organic molecule that binds to the active sites of certain enzymes to assist in the catalysis of a reaction

18
Q

What is cell respiration?

A

organisms use oxygen to break down food molecules to get chemical energy for cell functions

19
Q

What is ATP?

A

A substance present in all living cells that provides energy for many metabolic processes and is involved in making RNA

20
Q

What is ADP?

A

In metabolism, it is essential to the flow of energy in living cells

21
Q

Anaerobic vs. aerobic

A

Aerobic Respiration — Takes place in the presence of oxygen.
Anaerobic Respiration –Takes place in the absence of oxygen

22
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

23
Q

What are the building blocks of DNA?

A

adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T)

24
Q

What types of bonds are present in DNA?

A

Covalent bonds occur within each strand and strongly bond the bases, sugars, and phosphate groups. Hydrogen bonds occur between the two strands and involve a base from one strand, with a base from the second matching pairing

25
Q

What are genes?

A

Genes carry the information that determines your traits

26
Q

What is a genome?

A

the genome is the entire set of DNA instructions found in a cell.

27
Q

What is an exome?

A

consists of all the genome’s exons, which are the coding portions of genes

28
Q

When does replication occur and why?

A

occurs prior to cell division, when one cell splits into two identical daughter cells. This ensures that each daughter cell gets a copy of the genome

29
Q

What is DNA polymerase?

A

enzymes that create DNA molecules by assembling nucleotides

30
Q

What is exome sequenceing?

A

exome sequencing is a type of genetic sequencing used to understand what may be causing symptoms or a disease

31
Q

How is RNA different from DNA?

A

1- RNA is single-stranded while DNA is double-stranded
2- RNA contains uracil while DNA contains thymine
3- RNA has the sugar ribose while DNA has the sugar deoxyribose

32
Q

What are 3 types of RNA?

A

mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA

33
Q

What is transcription?

A

the information in a strand of DNA is copied into mRNA

34
Q

Where does transcription occur and what is made?

A

takes place in the cytoplasm, and RNA is produced

35
Q

What is translation?

A

the process by which a cell makes proteins using the genetic information carried in mRNA

36
Q

Where does translation occur and what is made?

A

Translation takes place on ribosomes in the cell cytoplasm, where mRNA is read and translated into the string of amino acid chains that make up the synthesized protein

37
Q

What is a codon?

A

three nucleotides which together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule

38
Q

Where are codons located?

A

Codons are present on an mRNA or DNA

39
Q

What is an anticodon and where is it located?

A

three nucleotides in a region of tRNA

classes. (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions