chapter 3 review Flashcards

1
Q

What is the nucleus?

A

houses DNA and is the control center

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2
Q

what is the cell membrane?

A

extremely thin and is selectively permeable

made of lipids and proteins (integral and peripheral proteins)

aid in transport

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3
Q

what is the integral protein?

A

penetrate the hydrophobic core of lipid bilayer
(in cell membrane)

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4
Q

what is the peripheral protein?

A

not in lipid bilayer, attached to surface of the cell membrane

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5
Q

what does selectively permeable mean?

A

only allows specific molecules to pass

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6
Q

what is the membrane permeable to?

A

gases, small lipophilic molecules, and water

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7
Q

what is the membrane impermeable to?

A

larger, uncharged polar molecules and ions

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8
Q

what is the cytoplasm?

A

fills the cell

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9
Q

what is the cytoskeleton?

A

a network of protein filaments& microtubules in cytoplasm
(controls cell shape)
(involved in movement)

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10
Q

what is diffusion?

A

molecules or ions in a liquid solution or air, move from high to low concentration

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11
Q

what is facilitated diffusion?

A

substances too large can not pass through the lipid bilayer

(to move down concentration gradient/ they need help of a membrane protein)

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12
Q

what is osmosis?

A

movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane

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13
Q

what is hypertonic?

A

a solution with a higher osmotic pressure than body fluids

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14
Q

what is hypotonic?

A

a solution with lower osmotic pressure

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15
Q

what is filtration?

A

happens because of hydrostatic pressure, how high or low (i.e; hypo, hyper, or iso)

Molecules are forced through membranes by exerting pressure

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16
Q

what is active transport?

(Against concentration gradient)

A

particles moved low to high concentration

17
Q

what is endocytosis?

A

Process by which cells absorb external material by engulfing in cell membrane

18
Q

what is pinocytosis?

A

membrane engulfs droplets containing dissolved molecules from surrounding

19
Q

what is phagocytosis?

A

engulfs particles from surrounding

20
Q

what is receptor mediated mean?

A

membrane engulfs selected molecules combined w/ receptor proteins

21
Q

What is exocytosis?

A

vesicle fuses w/ membrane and releases contents outside of cell

22
Q

what is trancytosis?

A

vescular transport from one side of a cell to the other

23
Q

what is the cell cycle?

A

series of changes a cell undergoes from the time it is formed until it reproduces

24
Q

what is interphase?

A

the cell grows and synthesizes new molecules and organelles

25
What is G1?
where cells do most of their growing
26
What is S?
replicates chromosomes and synthesizes DNA molecules
27
What is G2?
organelle and molecules required for cell division are produced
28
What is anaphase?
Chromosomes move toward the poles of the spindle
29
What is mitosis?
divided into 4 phases (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telephase) a single cell divides in 2 identical daughter cells
30
what is prophase?
separated genetic material
31
what is metaphase?
spindle fibers attach to centromeres of chromosomes
32
what is telophase?
chromosomes move in opposite directions so two new cells can form from one
33
what is cytokinesis?
splitting of cells
34
what is apoptosis?
cell death
35
what is differentiation?
dividing of cells change their function
36
what are stem cells?
cells that can divide and renew themselves over a long time