Chapter 4 Test all Vocab Flashcards
Group of chemicals used in addition to vascualr and cavity embalming fluids
Accessory Chemicals
Chemicals added to the embalming solution to deal with varying DEMANDS PREDICATED UPON the type of embalming
Modifying agents
Fluid injected for purposes other than preservation and disinfection
Supplemental Fluids
A substance that yields hydrogen or hydronium ions in a water solution
Acid ( Arrhenius)
A substance that donates a proton
Acid ( Bronsted-Lowry)
A substance that accepts a pair of electrons
Acid (Lewis)
A substance that yields hydroxide ions in a water solution
Base (Arrhenius)
Base (Bronsted-Lowry)
A substance that accepts a proton
Substance that donates pairs of electrons
Base (Lewis)
Dyes which aid in restoring a life-like surface pigmentation to a body and also stain the body tissue cells
Active dyes or staining dyes
Distinguish the difference between various chemicals
Passive Dyes
Reaction between a fat and a strong base
Saponification
A wax like material
Adipocere or Grave Wax
Intravascular; Increase of viscocity of blood brought about by the clumping of particulate formed elements in the blood vessels
Agglutination
Converts soluble proteins to insoluble protein by heating or by contact
Coagulation
A protein found throughout the body and is highly susceptible to decomposition
Albumin
Proteins that have been crossed-linked by preservatives to become highly unsusceptible to decomposition
Albuminoids
The rise in temperature after death
Postmortem Caloricity
The study of all the enzymatically controlled reaction in a living cell
Metabolism
How does the body cool itself?
Circulation, Respiration, Perspiration
A building up process
Anabolism
Breaking down process
Catabolism
The smallest particle of an element
Atom
The smallest unit of a compound which can exist alone; an aggregation of atoms
Molecules
A substance consisting of two or more atoms combined chemically
Compound
A combination of two or more substances not chemically combined
Mixture
A homogenous mixture of one or more substances dissolved in a sufficient quantity
Solution
A mixture of two insoluble liquids, one being dispersed throughout the other
Emulsion
Passage of solvent from a solution of lesser to one of greater solute concentration
Osmosis
A substance that does the dissolving in a solution
Solvent
Removal of particles from a solution, as it passes through a membrane or other partial barrier
Filtration
A substance dissolved in a solvent
Solute
Separation of SUBSTANCES in solution by the difference of passing through the membrane
Dialysis AKA Selective Diffusion
Solution has LESS concentration of dissolved solute
Hypotonic Solution
Solution having GREATER concentration of dissolved solute
Hypertonic Solution
Solution having equal concentration of fluid
Isotonic Solution
Occur when a red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution which will cause it to shrink
Crenation
Occurs when a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution
Hemolysis
The process of dissolving
Solvation
Homogenous mixture of one or more substances
Solution
One in which a new substances are produced that have entirely different properties
Chemical Changes
A change in the form or state of matter without any change in chemical composition
Physical Changes
Decomp of proteins in aerobic environment
Decay
Decomp of proteins in anaerobic environment
Putrefaction
A mixture of formaldehyde gas dissolved in water
Formalin
All embalming fluids will contain some methanol since it is so closely associated with formalin
Methanol AKA Methyl Alcohol
A solvent and a disinfectant in embalming fluid
Ethyl Alcohol AKA Ethanol
The dissolving of a substance in alcohol
Tincture
A neutral subatomic particle
Neutron
Found in the nucleus of an atom; +1 electrical charge
Proton
Negative electrical charge
Electron
A deposit of an insoluble or very slightly soluble solid substance
Precipitate
The linking together of monomers or basic chemical units to form a polymer
Polymerization
A polymer of formaldehyde and exists as a solid, is almost pure formaldehyde; Insoluble so cannot be used in embalming fluids; Used in preservative powders and hardening compounds
Paraformaldehyde
Measure of hydrogen ion concentration of a solution
pH
An aromatic alcohol and is an excellent disinfectant. Is a derivative of coal tars
Phenol
The standard use to evaluate the efficiency of other germicides
Phenol Coefficient PC
Invented by Dr. Gunter vin Hagens used to preserve bodies for anatomical studies
Plastination
A period immediately following death and before rigor mortis occurs. Muscles of the body are limp and flaccid
Primary Flaccidity
pH of 6.9 to 5.5 back to 6.9
Stage of Rigor
A condition, which occurs after rigor mortis has left the body where the muscles of the body return to a state of limpness and flaccidity
Secondary Flaccidity
Oven or appliance for sterilizing; an autoclave that disinfects by steam
Sterilizers
Process that renders a substance free of all microoorganisms
Sterilization
Are written below and to the right of the number and represent the definite proportion by mass
Subscripts
Are written above nd to the right of the number and represent the oxidation number
Superscripts
A gas, that at ordinary temperatures is a liquid or solid
Vapor
The physical change from a liquid into a gas
Vaporization
The tabular arrangements of the elements in order of increasing atomic number so that the columns of elements represent the periodic occurrence of elements with similar properties
Periodic Tables
A saturated hydrocarbon; Has no carbon and has multiple bonds
Alkane
Carbon containing a double bond
Alkene
Containing a triple bond
Alkyne
Is less dangerous than beta and gamma radiation
Alpha Radiation
The middle radiation; More dangerous than alpha, but less dangerous than gamma
Beta Radiation
The most dangerous Radiation form
Gamma Rays
Red dye derived from the action of bromine or fluorescin
Eosin
Tests for blood circulation
Fluorescin
Displaces an unpleasant odor?
Deoderants
The amount of heat necessary to change 1 gram of solid to gram of liquid state
Heat of Fusion
Heat necessary to change 1 gram of liquid to a gaseous state
Heat of Vaporization
Strength of embalming fluids indicated by the number of grams of pure formaldehyde
Index
Is the symbol for the element Silver
Ag
Symbol for the element Aluminum
Al
What suffix refers to an aldehyde?
AL
The predecessor or chemistry
Alchemy
An organic compound containing one or mor e hydroxyl groups
Alcohols
A sugar in which the functional groups are hydroxyl groups and an aldehyde group
Aldose
Pertaining to any member of one of the two major groups of organic compounds, Have a straight branch or chain
Aliphatic
A saturated hydrocarbon; a hydrocarbon that has no carbon multiple bonds; called paraffin series
Alkane
Hydrocarbon containing a double bond
Alkene
Contains a triple bond
Alkyne
A monovalent radical of the general formula formed when an alkane loses one hydrogen atom
Alkyl group
An aliphatic hydrocarbon with one or more halogen atoms attached
Alykyl Halide
The existence of a element in two or more distinct forms
Allotropism
Derivative of carboxylic acid; A hydroxyl group is substituted with an amine or ammonia.
Amides
An organic compound containing nitrogen with the general formula R-NH2; Any group of compounds formed from ammonia
Amines
Any compound that can act as both an acid and a base in water solutions
Amphoterism
Retard the tendency of the blood to become more viscous
Anticoagulants
The symbol for the element arsenic
As
Symbol for the element gold
Au
Substances that yield hydroxide ions in an aqueous solution
Bases
Used in the embalming lab for for sterilization
Benzalkonium Chloride
Holds atoms together
Bonds
A mild antiseptic added to embalming fluid
Boric Acid
Capable of maintaining a constannt Ph by neutralizing both acids and bases
Buffers
Symbol for Calcium
Ca
Hat required to raise the temperature of one gram of water
Calorie (Small c)
One carbon atom double bonded to oxygen
Carbonyl Groups
Positively charged ion
Cation
Changes the rate of the chemical reaction
Catalyst
Symbol for Cadmium
Cd
Means “poured into”
Chemia
A change that results in a new chemical formation
Chemical Change
Combination of chemical symbols and formulas
Chemical Equation
Characteristics of a substance observed during or after chemical reaction
Chemical Properties
The study of matter and the changes it undergoes
Chemistry
Symbol for Chlorine
Cl
Converting soluble protein to insoluble protein
Coagulation
A solute that can pass through filters, but not membranes
Colloid
Rapid oxidation that produces heat and light
Combustion
Chang of matter from a gas to a liquid
Condensation
Bond formed by the sharing of electrons
Covalent Bond
Symbol for the element copper
Cu
Is the same as millimeter
Cubic Centimeter
A substance gives a definite form
Crystallization
A solute that can pass through a membrane
Crystalloid
The removal of an amino group from a compound
Deamination
Prefix for 10
Deka
The ratio of the mass of a substance to its volume
Density
Cannot be decomposed by ordinary chemical means
Element
The act of mixing two insoluble liquids
Emulsification
One being dispersed through the other in small droplets
Emulsion
Acts as a biological catalyst
Enzyme
An organic compound from the general formula RCOOR
Ester
A solvent and disinfectant in embalming fluid
Ethanol
Any organic compound with the general formula ROR
Ether
Symbol for the element Fluorine
F
Symbol for the element Iron
Fe
Decomp of carbohydrates under anaerobic conditions
Fermentation
Reacts with proteins causing them to become firm and more resistant to bacteria
Formaldehyde
A symbolic expression of the chemical composition or constitution of a substance
Formula
A specific atom or group of atoms that is attached to a carbon atom in an organic compound
Functional Group
Formula that denotes a class of compounds and includes the functional group and symbol R which means radical
General Formulas
Thick liquid added to embalming fluid
Glycerol
Animal starch made by glucose molecules
Glycogen
Condition of water; results from dissolved minerals and metallic ions
Hardened water
Symbol for Hydrogen
H
Symbol for Helium
He
Six carbon sugar molecule
Hexose
Symbol for Mercury
Hg
Creates surface tension
Hydrogen Bond
The functional group of the basic compounds in inorganic chemistry and the alcohols
Hydroxyl Group
Symbol for Iodine
I
Swelling and softness of tissues and organs; Absorbs moisture from adjacent sources
Imbibition
Resist change in motion
Inertia
Positive or negative electrical charge
Ion
Bond formed between a oppositely charged atoms
Ionic Bond
Possession by two or more distinct compounds of the same molecular formula; each molecule has the same number of atoms
Isomerism
The base Si unit of temperature; Absolute temperature of the triple point of water
Kelvin
Joining to two other carbon atoms
Ketone
A sugar functional groups are hydroxyl and a ketone group
Ketose
Energy created nor destroyed
Law of energy
Mass in neither created nor destroyed
Conservation of mass
Formula used to conserve space over a structural formula
Line Formula
State of matter having a definite volume but no definite shape
Liquid
Unit of volume in the metric system
Liter
Salt added to embalming fluid to help preserve the acid base balance
Magnesium Sulfate
Prefix for one million
Mega
An element or radical in one compound exchanges places with another element
Metathesis Reaction
Unit for length
Meter
Symbol for Magnesium
Mg
Prefix for 1/one millionth
Micro
One millionth of a meter
Micrometer
Two or more chemical substances not chemically united
Mixture
Two or more atoms joined by a chemical bond
Molecule
Symbol for the element Nitrogen
N
Symbol for the element Sodium
Na
Composition of a particular kind of matter, forces holding it parts together
Nature of Matter
Acid and base producing a salt and water
Neutralization
Elements dull in apearance
Non Metal
Combination of unsaturated fatty acids and glycerol that is liquid at room temp
Oils
The suffix referring to alcohol
Ol
Carbon containing compounds
Organic Chemistry
A number used to represent the number of electrons lost or gained
Oxidation Number
Compound consisting of oxygen combined with another element
Oxide
A method for expressing low concentrations
Parts per Million PPM
Symbol for Lead
Pb
Bond formed from a dehydration reaction between the amino group
Peptide Bonds
Water hardness that cannot be moved from boiling
Permanent hardness of water
Aromatic alcohol
Phenol
A change in the form of state or matter with change in chemical change
Physical Change
Characteristics of a substance that are observed or measured without a change in chemical composition
Physical Properties
Calcium Sulfate; Often found in Hardening Compound
Plaster of Paris
Group of atoms that act as a unit
Polyatomic Ions
Large molecule made by linking together a number of monomers
Polymer
Two or more molecules combine to form larger molecules that contain repeating structural units
Polymerization
Nitrogen ions converted by bacteria to nitrite ions which react with hemoglobin
Potassium Nitrate
Energy that is stored
Potential Energy
The measure of hydrogen ion concentration of a solution
Potential of Hydrogen
A deposit of insoluble solid substance in solution
Precipitate
Non preservative solution to prepare the vascular system before injection
Pre Injection
The force per unit area exerted onto material
Pressure
Alcohol in which the hydroxyl group is attached to a carbon that is attached to no more than one other carbo
Primary Alcohol
Substances be identified
Properties
Polymer of many amino acids
Protein
Surface active agents
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
Element for Radium
Ra
Result from the reaction between acids and bases other than water
Salt
Hydrocarbon containing one bond
Saturated Hydrocarbon
Hydroxyl group attached to two other carbons
Secondary Alcohol
Hydrolytic products are fatty acids and alcohols
Simple Lipid
Symbol for Tin
Sn
Organic salt used to maintain the acid-base balance
Sodium Bicarbonate
Often used as a water conditioner and for anti coagulents
Sodium Citrate
Example of a wetting agent added to embalming fluids
Sodium Laurel Sulfate
Inorganic salt used to maintain the acid -base balance
Sodium Phosphate
Minimizes graying action of formaldehyde
Sodium Tetra Borate aka Borax
Process of dissolving
Solvation
Polyhydric alcohol that is used as a modifying agent as well as for its humectant qualities
Sorbitol
A ratio of densities with water as the standard
Specific gravity
Physical change of state during which the substance changes directly from a solid to a gas
States of Matter
A chemical formula showing the spatial arrangement of the atoms and linkage of every atom
Structural Formula
A physical change of state during which a sustances changes directly from a solid to a gas
Sublimation
Material upon which an enzyme works
Substrate
Liquid forming a membrane like layer
Surface Tension
Chemicals that will reduce the molecular cohesion of a liquid and thereby enable it to flow through smaller openings
Surfactants
A solute that wont pass through filters or membranes
Suspension
Abbreviation for an element
Symbol
Caused by the process of death
Thanatochemistry
Organic compound containing the group -SH; Hydroxyl erased by a sulfur atom
Thioalcohol aka Mercaptan
Poisonous substance that is toxic in nature
Toxin
Homogenous mixture of two or more substances able to pass through semipermeable membranes
True Solution
An expression of the fixed ratio between carbon and hydrogen in hydrocarbons
Type Formula
Compound containing only carbon and hydrogen that has one or more double bonds
Unsaturated Hydrocarbon
A solution containing less than the maximum amount of solute a solvent is able to hold at a certain temperature and pressure
Unsaturated Solution
The neutralization product of formaldehyde by ammonia
Urotropin
Liquids that serve as solvents for the numerous ingredients incorporated into embalming
Vehicles
The measure of resistance to flow of a liquid
Viscocity
Being easily converted at a relatively low temperature from the liquid to the gaseous state
Volatile
Lipid formed from the combination of unsaturated and or saturated fatty acids
Wax
The measure of gravitational pull on a object
Weight
Zinc
Zn
