Chapter 4 Synthetic Biology

Question 1

Difference between human made and living systems

Answer 1

Biological molecules functional components of living systems
Moving changing shape electronic properties

Question 2

Flagella motor

Embedded within

Answer 2

Cell membranes of microorganisms like bacteria

Propel object through water at much smaller scale

Question 3

What does flagella motor consist of

Answer 3

20 protein parts which assemble in lipid membranes to form a functioning rotary motor driven by proton gradient across inner membrane

Question 4

Brownian motion

Answer 4

Bombardment from neighboring atoms and molecules that drives motion

Question 5

Chemical fuel for molecular machine

Answer 5

ATP which reacts with water to produce ADP

Question 6

Mitochondria

What do they do and how

Answer 6

Use sugar as chemical fuel for ATP synthesis

Sugar must be synthesized from other energetic compounds or ingested

Question 7

Chloroplasts

Answer 7

Use energy from sunlight to convert ADP to ATP

Question 8

What is similar in chloroplasts and mitochondria

Answer 8

Two membrane systems
The inner membrane contains a molecular machine that couple chemical reactions to pumping of protons across membrane
Upon generation of of proton gradient across inner membrane t functions as a nanoscale capacitor and energy stored is used to synthesize ATP by using energy from protons passing back through membrane

Question 9

Kinesin is a protein that has the task of

Kinesin processes

Answer 9

Transporting materials to various locations inside cell

Energy from ATP hydrolysis to mechanical movement along microtubule track

Question 10

Difference between classical engine and molecular

Answer 10

Classical driven. Y explosion of chemical fuel

Molecular is based on structural changes when interacting with reactive molecules