Chapter 2 Plants Flashcards
Global energy use is ?
It has done what since 1965 and how fast
Increasing
Tripled
50% faster than pop.
Where does most of energy we use come from
Fossil fuels are what two things?
Burning fossil fuels
Oil natural gas and coal
Non renewable and finite
Where do energy source of fossil fuel come from
Decay of plants and algae living in swamps and shallow seas millions of years ago
What is another problem with fossil fuels
Rise of carbon dioxide and global warming
What power life on earth?
Sunlight and infinite
Average cell is what size
1/40th of a millimeter
What is each cell surrounded with ?
Lipid membrane called cell membrane that controls what goes in and out
Where do most of cells activities take place
Cytoplasm
Two structures not found in animal cells
Cell wall outside of cell membrane
Chloroplasts in cytoplasm
Chloroplasts are green because of
Pigment chlorophyll
Not all plant cells contain chloroplasts true or false
True
Root and inside stem
Respiration formula
Sugars + O2—> H2O +energy
What is a consequence of photosynthesis
Water loss to atmosphere because carbon dioxide enters by dissolving in liquid on cells surface
Evaporates
Xylem and phloem functions
Roots to leaves
Sugars from leaves to all parts that aren’t photosynthetic
Transpiration definition
Movement of water from roots to leaves then or to atmosphere
What happens because of transpiration when soil is dry
Wilt and death
How does plant restrict water loss
Waxy layer and allowing CO2 uptake and water release only through stomates
What are stomates surrounded by and how do they help
Guard cells that swell and shrink to open pore
What happens when stomates shrink
The soil is dry and stop uptake of CO2 so photosynthesis stops
What does cell wall provide
Cell shape rigidity and attachment to neighboring cells
What is cell wall main component and what is it made up of
Cellulose chains of sugars
Most abundant organic compound on earth
The way in which glucose is joined in cellulose does what to it
Forms stiff rods that are resistant to being broken down
(Similar to steel)
RESISTANT TO DEGRGATION
What is wood
Plant cell walls 60% cellulose in weight
Chemical reaction of photosynthesis , what does this reaction make possible by doing what with carbon and sunlight
CO2 and water converted into sugars and oxygen by light
Makes life possible
Carbon into a form that can be used to make molecules of body
Converting sunlight into energy form organisms can use
