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MOD 2 Final > chapter 4 streptococci > Flashcards

chapter 4 streptococci Flashcards

1
Q

Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci also called which means

what diseases do they cause

A

also called streptococcus pyogenes
pus producing

-diseases:
strep throat
scarlet fever
rhematic fever
post-strep glomerulnephritis
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2
Q

Strep cell wall: C carb

A

divides strep into lancefield groups

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3
Q

strep cell wall M protein

A

major virulence factor for group A
-inhibits complement and protects organism from phagocytosis

-weakest pt bc B cells generate Abs against it for opsonization

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4
Q

Beta-hemolytic group A strep have enzymes that contribute to their pathogenicity

A

streptolysin O (oxygen liable): destorys RBCs, antigenic, ASO Abs develop after exposure

streptolysin S (oxygen stabile): responsible for beta-hemolysis but not antigenic

pyrogenic exotoxin (erythrogenic toxin)
-only a few strains this group but can cause scarlet fever

streptokinase: activates plasmin to break up firbrin clots

hyaluronidase, DNAases, anti-C5apeptidase

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5
Q

beta hemolytic gropu A streptococci cause 4 types of disease by local invasion and or exotoxin release

A

streptococcal pharyngitis
streptococcal skin infections
scarlet fever
streptococcal toxic shock syndrome

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6
Q

beta-hemolytic group A can also cause 2 delayed antibody mediated diseases

A

rheumatic fever

glomerulonephritis

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7
Q

rapid antigen detection test should be done when

A

exudative pharyngitis (pus on tonsils)

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8
Q

skin infections from strep can be similar to _____ so treatment of these infections should be ____which covers both gropus

A

staph aureus

dicloxacillin

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9
Q

erysipelas is a

A

strep infection of superficial skin, dermis only

-raised, bright red rash with sharp border that advances from initial site of infection

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10
Q

pyoderma

A

pustule, usually on extremeity or face that breaks down after 4-6 days to form a thick crust

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11
Q

necrotizing fasciitis organisms can cause it

A

group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection
stahylococcus
clostridium

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12
Q

necrotizing fasciitis clinically

mortality rate

A

travels along fascia
1 day: swelling, heat, redness
2 days: skin color from red to purple to blue and large blisters
later: skin dies and muslce may become infected

-50% mortality rate

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13
Q

fournier’s gangrene and orgnaism often involved

A

necrotizing faciitis involving male genital area and perineum
-strep pyogenes

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14
Q

scarlet fever
-organism
toxin
symptoms

A

certain beta-hemolytic group A strep
-pyrogenic toxin or erythrogenic toxin

produces fever and causes a scarlet red rash
-on trunk and neck then goes to extremities sparing the face

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15
Q

rheumatic fever usually strikes children how old

A

5-15

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16
Q

6 major manifestations of rheumatic fever

A 
fever
myocarditis
joint swelling
chorea (uncontrolled dance movements of extremities)
subcutaneous nodules
rash (erythema marginatum
17
Q

acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis clinically

A

Ab mediated inflammatory disease of glomeruli of kidney
occurs about 1 week after infection of pharynx or skin by nephritogenic strains beta hem group A

  • child will have puffy face, urine darker than normal, possibly hypervolemia and high BP
  • good prognosis espceially in pediatric population
18
Q

group B streptococci also called

class

A

streptococcus agalactiae

beta hemolytic

19
Q

group B strep clinically

A

25% of women carry these bugs vaginally and baby can acquire these bacteria during delivery

-cause neonatal meningitis, pneumonia, sepsis

20
Q

neonates with meningitis from group B strep present

A

no stiff neck

fever, vomiting, poor feeding, irritability

21
Q

3 most common pathogens associated with meningitis in infants younger than 3 months of age

A

E coli
listeria monocytogenes
group B strep

22
Q

two bacteria that cause meningitis later in life after moms Abs are gone and before new Abs develop in baby

A

neisseria meningitides

haemophilus influenzae

23
Q

viridans strep cause 3 main types of infection

A

dental infections
endocarditis
abscesses

24
Q

dental infections, some of the viridans escpecially ____ can bind to teeth and ferment sugar which produces acid and dental cavities

A

S mutans

25
Q

subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE) from strep

A

bacteria implant on surface of heart (mainly of hearts that have had previous damage)

bacteria produce extracellular dextran that allows them to cling to valves

-clinically: slow developing: low grade fever, fatigue, anemia, heart murmur secondary to valve destruction

26
Q

acute infective endocarditis caused by staph is different from SBE by strep how

A

usually from IV drug abuse

abrupt onset of shaking chills, high spiking fevers, and RAPID heart valve destruction

27
Q

anginosus species group

A

subgroup of viridans strep
S intermedius, S constellatus, S anginosus
microaerophilic, part of normal GI tract flora
often found in abscesses in brain or abdominal organs

28
Q

if streptococcus intermedius group bacteria grows in the blood suspect that

A

there is an abscess hiding in an organ and consider investigating with CAT scan with contrast

-aslo if suspect S anginosus

29
Q

Group D stretptococci

A

enterococci and non enterococci

30
Q

enterococci consist of

A

E. faecalis and E faecium

  • own genus
  • normal bwel gut flora
31
Q

enterococcus clinically

A

UTIs, biliary tract infections, bacteremia, SBE

  • prey on weak hospitalized pts
  • hospital acquired infections
32
Q

enterococcus resistantance

A

resistant to ampicillin and vancomycin
have transposon DNA element vanA
-changes peptidoglycan cell wall to d-ala-LACTATE (low affinity to vanomycin)

-can transfer to staph aureus

33
Q

non enterococci strep group D

A

S bovis

S equinus

34
Q

a unique associateion between S bovis and

A

colon cancer

-may just be marker

35
Q

2 tests for pneumococcus

A

quellung reaction

optochin sensitivity

  • strep pneumonaei is a hemolytic and so is strep viridans
  • disc with optochin placed on agar dish, growth of strep pneumoniae is inhibtied while stret viridans will continue to grow
36
Q

most common cause of otitis media in children
2nd
3rd

A

1st: streptococcus pneumoniae
2nd: haemophilus influenzae
3rd: moraxella catarrhalis

37
Q

most common cause of bacterial meningitis in adults

A

streptococcus pneumoniae

38
Q

what serotypes of strep pneumonia most often cause otitis media in children

A 
2
6B
9V
14
19F
23F

MOD 2 Final (19 decks)

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