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MOD 2 Final > chapter 13: chlamydia, rickettsia, and friends > Flashcards

chapter 13: chlamydia, rickettsia, and friends Flashcards

1
Q

chlamydia, rickettsia are both gram negative bacteria that are __ __ parasites

-appearance similar to viruses how but not viruses why

A

obligate intracellular parasites

  • steal ATP from host with ATP/ADP translocator
  • rickettsia can oxidize certain molecules and create ATP (ox phos)
  • chylmydia cannot
  • very small like viruses, but have both RNA and DNA so not viruses
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2
Q

chlamydia trachomatis typically infects

A

the eyes, genitals and lungs

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3
Q

chlamydia psittaci and chlamydia pneumoniase generally exert pathogenicity as

A

respiratory disease

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4
Q

spreading of each

A

chlamydia by person to person contact

rickettsia by arthropod vector

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5
Q

how is chlamydia different from other gram negative bacteria

A

no peptigoglycan layer and no muramic acid

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6
Q

chlamydia life cycle exists in 2 forms

rest of life cycle too

A

elementary body (EB)

  • inert dense round small infectious particle, can exist extracellulary
  • think of elementary weapon like cannon ball firing from host cell to host cell

inital body (reticulate body)once elementary body enters host cell it inhibits phag lys fusion and grows, goes through binary fission = inital body

once enough IBs form, some transform back to EB

host cell liberates elemntary body which now can infect more cells

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7
Q

what is the leading cause of preventable blindness in the world caused by

  • where
  • how long to develop
  • main resevoir
A

chlamydia trachomatis

  • in underdeveloped parts of the world
  • develops slowly over 10-15 years
  • children main resevoir
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8
Q

what does the conjunctival infection cause

A

inflammation and scarring
scar traction
trachtion for trachoma pulls and folds eyelid inward so that eyelashes rub against the conjunctiva and cornea

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9
Q

inclusion conjunctivitis

A

babies delivered through infected birth canals get this

-conjunctival inflammation with a purulent yellow discharge and swellling of the eyelids 5-14 days after birth

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10
Q

chlamydia trachomatis serotypes D thru K cause

A

inclusion conjunctivitis
infant pneumonia
cervicitis
nongonococcal urethritis in men

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11
Q

chlamydia trach serotypes L1,2,3 cause

A

lymphogranuloma venereum

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12
Q

chlamydophila psittaci causes

A

atypical pneumonia

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13
Q

chlamydophila pneumoniae serogroup TWAR causes

A

atypical pneumonia

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14
Q

infant pneumonia

-how do they get it, and how is it diagnosed

A

from passage of baby through and infected birth canal

diagnosis made clinically and can be confirmed by presence of antichlamydial IgM Abs

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15
Q

urethritis

  • famously caused by
  • if not caused by this then
  • mainly caused by what
A

contracted sexually
-if not caused by neisseria gonorrhoeae (most famous but not most common cause) then this is called nongonococcal urethritis (NGU)

-mainly caused by chlamydia trach and ureaplasma urealyticum

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16
Q

symptoms of NGU

A

many people asymptomatic
some have painful urination and mucoid discharge from urethra
-cannot differntiate between NGU and gonococcal urethritis, often occur together

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17
Q

determining if it is NGU

A

if gram stain reveals polymorphonuclear leukocytes but no intracellular or extracellular gram-negative diplococci (no neisseria gonorrhoseae) then likely NGU

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18
Q

chlamydia trach:

cervicitis and pelivic inflammaotyr disease (PID)

can cause what
symptoms

signs that woman has it (2)

A

can cause infertility
main symptom is lower abdominal pain
inflammed cervix, uterus, tubes, and ovaries is very painful

  • PID shuffle
  • chandeliers sign (cervical motion tenderness is so severe they leap to chandelier)

-chlamydia trach can be dangerous bc it can be asymptomatic or mild PID that goes untreated still causing infertility

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19
Q

chlamydia trach:

epididymitis presents as

A

unilateral scrotal swelling, tenderness and pain associated with fever

20
Q

chlamydia trach is also linked to ____ ____, an inflammaotry arthritis of large joints that occurs in __

A

reiter’s syndrome

young men btwn ages 20-40

21
Q

chlamydia may cause fitz hugh curtis syndrome

A

infection of liver capsule with symptoms of RUQ pain

-associated with gonococcal infection too

22
Q

lymphogranuloma venereum caused by what at symptoms

A 
chlamydia trach
painless papule (bump) or ulceration on genitals that heals spontaneoulsy
-regional LNs may enlarge and break open and drain pus
23
Q

chlamydophila psittaci

infects what and how do humans get it

  • people most at risk
  • causes what disease
A

infects birds
humans get it from dust from feathers or dried out feces

-occupational hazard for pigeon pbreeders, vets, and pet shop workers, and poultry slaughterhouse workes

causes atypical pneumonia called psittacosis 1-3 weeks after exposure

24
Q

atypical pneumonia

-how is it different from normal causing pneumonia

A

from other species and chylamydophila species different from pneumonia from strep pneumoniae

  • more dry cough, fever, and less sick appearing than those infecgted with typical organisms
  • radiographic appearance diff, with atypical pathogens causing less well-defined infiltrates than typical organisms
25
Q

chlamydophila pneumonhiae

  • transmission
  • causes what
A

TWAR, taiwan and acute respiratory

trnasmitted person to person by resp route and casues atypical pneumonia in hyoung adults worldwide

26
Q

rickettsia description

A

small, gram neg, non motile, rod to coccoid shaped

  • size of large virus
  • obligate intracell energy parasite
27
Q

how does rickettsia differ from chlamydia

A

requires arthropod vector (except for Q fever)

replicates freely in cytoplasm (chlam in endosome)

tropism for endotheial cells that line blood vessels (chlam likes columnar epithelium)

cause diff disease, like rash, high fevers, bad headaches

28
Q

some rickettsia share antigenic characteristics with certain strains of what

A

proteus vulgaris bacteria

Ox-2, OX-19, OX-K

29
Q

weil felix reaction

A

classical test that uses cross reacting proteus vulgaris antigens to help confirm diagnosis of rickettsial infection

mix serum of pt suspected of having rickettsial disease with antigens from proteus vulgaris

if serum has antirickesttsial Abs, latex bead coated with proteus antigens agglutinante = postive test

30
Q

rickettsia rickettsii

  • also called
  • transmitted by
  • symptoms
  • where most common
A

rocky mountaint spotted fever

presents within a week after person is bit by either a wood ticki

or a dog tick

  • fever, conjunctival redness, severe headache, and rash on wrists, ankles, soles and palms then later spreads to trunk
  • more common in southeast US tick belt
31
Q

rickettsia akari

  • causes what
  • transmitted how
  • symptoms
A

casues rickettsialpox

transmitted to humans by mites that live on house mice

starts with localized red skin bump that turns to a blister and days later fever and headache develop

-Ricky, with pox marks, playing Atari (akari) with his rodent friend mitey mouse

32
Q

rickettsia prowazekii

  • causes what
  • immunity
  • what transmits it
  • what conditions make people more prone to get disease
A

epidemic typhus (different from endemic typhus caused by rickettsia typhi)

  • infection with one causes immunity to the other
  • lice transmit bacteria to humans
  • occurs with war, overcrowding, and poverty (unsanitary conditions)
33
Q

difference between epidemic and endemic

A

epidemic is sudden onset and rapid spread of infection

endemic: infectious disease that consistently exist throughout population

34
Q

rickettsia prowazekii clinically

A

abrupt onset of fever and headache following 2 week incubation period

small pink macules appear around 5th day on upper trunk then cover body

  • rashes spare palms, soles, face
  • pt may be delirious
  • increased risk of blood vessel clotting leading to gangrene of feet or hands
35
Q

brill-zinsser disease

  • what is it
  • symptoms
  • diagnostic
A

pts who recover without antibiotic therapy from epidemic louseborne typhus can still retain the rickettsia prowazekki pathogen in latent state

  • ocassionally breaks out of latent state to produce brill zinsser disease
  • symptoms milder (no skin rash) due to presence of pre-formed antibodies from original infection
  • early rise of IgG for rickettsia prowazekii early
36
Q

rickettsia typhi

A

endemic or murine typhus

rodents are primary reservoir, disease transmitted to humans via rat flea

10 day incubation period then

  • fever, headache, flat bumpy (maculopapular) rash
  • milder than epidemic typhus
37
Q

rickettsia tsutsugamushi

another name
found where
spread how
symptoms

A

scrub typhus or tsutsugamushi fever

found in asia and southwest pacific

spread by bite of larvae of mites which live on rodents

2 week incubation period, higher fever, headache, scab at original bite site

flat sometimes bumpy rash may develop later

-ricky is now a south pacific sumo wrestler named ricky tsutsugamushi, he is walking in scrub and being bitten by chiggers that are on his feet and legs

38
Q

rickettsia parkeri

symptoms
geographic distribution

A

fever, headaches, eschars (sloughing dead tissue), and regional lymphadenopathy

southeastern coastal US

39
Q

rickettsia africae

  • symptoms
  • get it where
A

african tick bite fever

unexplained fever from people returning from sub-Sahara Africa

40
Q

bartonella

another name

who gets it

what transmits

obligate intracellular organism?

symptoms

A

trench fever

bartonella quintana (body louse) spread in trenches in WW1

not an obligate intracellular organism

infectd soldiers developed high fevers, rash, headache, severe back and leg pain

-after appeared recovery soldier relapsed 5 days later

41
Q

bartonella henselae

also called

symptoms

-can cause what in AIDS patients

A

cat scratch disease

regional LN enlarge, pt gets low grade fever and malaise

-can have bacteremia, endocarditis, and bacillary angiomatosis (proliferation of small blood vessels in skin and organs of AIDS patients)

42
Q

coxiella burnetii

also called

unique how

A

Q fever

has an endospore form

43
Q

coxiella burnetii endospores make it different from rickettsiae by

A

resistance to heat and drying

extracellular existence (but need to be intracellulary to grow)

non arthropod transmission
-spores are in dried tick feces deposited on cattle hides and in dried cow placentas following birth

pneumonia bc spores inhaled into lungs

44
Q

sympoms of coxiella burnetii

also what else can it cause

A

abrupt onset of fever and soaking sweats 2-3 weeks after infection along with pneumonia

only rickettsial disaesae that causes pneumonia and in which there is no rash

most asymptomatic

can also cause granulomatous hepatitis and culture negative endocarditis

visualize carol burnett coghing after inhaling spores from cowhide and dried placental products in the grass

45
Q

human ehrlichiosis

A

tick borne disease similar to rocky moutnatin spotted fever without rash

caused by ehrlichia chaffeensis
anaplasma phagocytophilum

less frequently by ehrlichia ewingii

MOD 2 Final (19 decks)

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