Chapter 4 - States of Consciousness Flashcards
What is consciousness?
awareness of external & internal stimuli
Dissociation is?
a state of feeling disconnected (can be a defense mechanism)
What 3 brain parts regulate REM sleep?
hypothalamus, thalamus, pons
What hormone is secreted to help sleep?
Melatonin
NREM sleep a.k.a.?
Non-REM
NREM sleep is divided into how many stages of sleep? What are the stages defined by?
4 stages; defined by brain waves
REM sleep is characterized by
darting eyes when eyes closed
Brain waves during REM are similar to
awake state
REM is what stage of sleep?
Stage 5
Stage 1 of sleep is:
drift off to sleep, muscle activity slows
Stage 1 of sleep produces what kinds of brain waves?
Alpha (NREM)
Stage 2 of sleep is:
deep relaxation (NREM)
What kind of brain waves occur during Stage 2 of sleep?
Theta waves; but spindles & K-complexes
Define spindles
rapid burst of higher frequency brain waves
Define K-Complexes
very high amplitude brain activity in response to environmental stimuli
Stages 3 & 4 are:
deep sleep, HR decreases, difficult to wake
What kinds of brain waves are present during Stages 3 & 4?
Delta waves (NREM)
What is stage 5 of sleep?
dreaming, paralysis of muscle (REM)
What kinds of brain waves are occurring during REM sleep?
similar to when awake
Why does evolutionary psychology propose we sleep?
adaptive response to predatory risks present at night
Why does cognitive psychology propose we sleep?
helps to process memories, concepts, info., etc.
Define sleep debt
insufficient sleep, typically <7-8 hours on a chronic basis
What is sleep debt associated with
< alertness, < cognitive function, > depression, obesity, etc.
Melatonin’s release is stimulated by, and inhibited by
stimulated by darkness, inhibited by light
