Chapter 4 - States of Consciousness

Question 1

What is consciousness?

Answer 1

awareness of external & internal stimuli

Question 2

Dissociation is?

Answer 2

a state of feeling disconnected (can be a defense mechanism)

Question 3

What 3 brain parts regulate REM sleep?

Answer 3

hypothalamus, thalamus, pons

Question 4

What hormone is secreted to help sleep?

Answer 4

Melatonin

Question 5

NREM sleep a.k.a.?

Answer 5

Non-REM

Question 6

NREM sleep is divided into how many stages of sleep? What are the stages defined by?

Answer 6

4 stages; defined by brain waves

Question 7

REM sleep is characterized by

Answer 7

darting eyes when eyes closed

Question 8

Brain waves during REM are similar to

Answer 8

awake state

Question 9

REM is what stage of sleep?

Answer 9

Stage 5

Question 10

Stage 1 of sleep is:

Answer 10

drift off to sleep, muscle activity slows

Question 11

Stage 1 of sleep produces what kinds of brain waves?

Answer 11

Alpha (NREM)

Question 12

Stage 2 of sleep is:

Answer 12

deep relaxation (NREM)

Question 13

What kind of brain waves occur during Stage 2 of sleep?

Answer 13

Theta waves; but spindles & K-complexes

Question 14

Define spindles

Answer 14

rapid burst of higher frequency brain waves

Question 15

Define K-Complexes

Answer 15

very high amplitude brain activity in response to environmental stimuli

Question 16

Stages 3 & 4 are:

Answer 16

deep sleep, HR decreases, difficult to wake

Question 17

What kinds of brain waves are present during Stages 3 & 4?

Answer 17

Delta waves (NREM)

Question 18

What is stage 5 of sleep?

Answer 18

dreaming, paralysis of muscle (REM)

Question 19

What kinds of brain waves are occurring during REM sleep?

Answer 19

similar to when awake

Question 20

Why does evolutionary psychology propose we sleep?

Answer 20

adaptive response to predatory risks present at night

Question 21

Why does cognitive psychology propose we sleep?

Answer 21

helps to process memories, concepts, info., etc.

Question 22

Define sleep debt

Answer 22

insufficient sleep, typically <7-8 hours on a chronic basis

Question 23

What is sleep debt associated with

Answer 23

< alertness, < cognitive function, > depression, obesity, etc.

Question 24

Melatonin’s release is stimulated by, and inhibited by

Answer 24

stimulated by darkness, inhibited by light

Question 25

biological rhythms are

Answer 25

internal rhythms e.g. menstruation

Question 26

circadian rhythms are

Answer 26

any biological rhythms that occur over roughly 24 hour cycles

Question 27

define homeostasis

Answer 27

tendency to maintain balance within a system

Question 28

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus

Answer 28

part of the hypothalamus know as the “brain’s clock”, uses light stimuli to synchronize with the outside world

Question 29

How does the suprachiasmatic receive light stimuli

Answer 29

via light-sensitive neurons in the retina

Question 30

Sleep rebound is when

Answer 30

a sleep deprived individual will fall asleep quicker

Question 31

What does sleep rebound prove to us?

Answer 31

It proves that there is a homeostatic regulation of sleep

Question 32

What is manifest content?

Answer 32

the storyline of a dream

Question 33

What is latent content?

Answer 33

the hidden meaning of a dream

Question 34

What is parasomnia?

Answer 34

unwanted, disruptive motor activity during sleep

Question 35

What are some examples of parasomnia?

Answer 35

restless leg syndrome, sleepwalking, etc.

Question 36

what is sleepwalking also called?

Answer 36

somnambulism