Chapter 1 - Intro to Psychology

Question 1

Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920)

Answer 1

first psychologist, introspection, voluntarism, created psych lab at Leipzig Uni testing reaction time, STRUCTURALIST

Question 2

William James

Answer 2

first American psych., established functionalism, accepted Darwin’s theories, believed behavior was a result of nat. selection, focus on whole mind (unlike structuralist view)

Question 3

Functionalism

Answer 3

organism’s mental activities adapt to the environment for best fitness

Question 4

Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)

Answer 4

neurologist, hysteria (mostly women), theorized about unconscious, dream analysis, psychoanalytic theory

Question 5

Wertheimer, Kaffka, Kohler (1880-1967)

Answer 5

Gestalt Psych., believed in the whole of an experience being what individuals respond to, contradicted structuralism, influenced sensation & perception

Question 6

Pavlov, Watson, Skinner (1849-1958)

Answer 6

conditioned reflex, classical conditioning

Question 7

Conditioned Reflex

Answer 7

individual produces unconscious reflex to a stimulus & eventually produces the same response to a different stimulus.

Question 8

John B. Watson

Answer 8

American Psych., believed study of consciousness was flawed, preferred study of behavior, BEHAVIORISM, experiment with Little Albert

Question 9

Maslow (1908-1970)

Answer 9

objected to Freud, disliked behaviorism, predisposition for good, HUMANISM, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

Question 10

Humanism

Answer 10

Maslow’s view that the potential for good is innate in humans

Question 11

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Answer 11

1.) food, shelter
2.) safety, employment
3.) family, friends
4.) self-worth
5.) inner fulfillment

Question 12

Carl Rogers (1902-1987)

Answer 12

introduced client-centered therapy, believed therapist needed 3 features

Question 13

3 features Carl Rogers believed a therapist needed to display

Answer 13

1.)unconditional positive regard
2.) genuineness
3.) empathy

Question 14

APA

Answer 14

American Psychological Association

Question 15

APS

Answer 15

Association for Psychological Science

Question 16

Structuralism

Answer 16

breaks conscious experience into objective sensations & subjective feelings

Question 17

Psychoanalytic Theory

Answer 17

unconscious vs. conscious mind, defense mechanisms (e.g. repression)

Question 18

Unconscious contents have origins in

Answer 18

childhood

Question 19

skinner box

Answer 19

box where an organism is kept inside with a lever that administers a reward or a punishment

Question 20

Noam Chomsky (1928-)

Answer 20

linguist, dissatisfied with behaviorism, focus on conscious mental processes, study of cognition, input-output

Question 21

biopsychology

Answer 21

a.k.a. neuroscience

Question 22

evolutionary psychology

Answer 22

seeks to determine which psychological traits are adaptations

Question 23

5 Factor Model (hint: OCEAN)

Answer 23

Openness, Conscientiousness, Extroversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism