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PE > CHAPTER 4 - sports psychology (P2) > Flashcards

CHAPTER 4 - sports psychology (P2) Flashcards

1
Q

4 stages of the basic information processing model (IPM)

A

input, decision making, output, feedback

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2
Q

what is information processing

A

the methods by which data from the environment is collected and used

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3
Q

types of information processing

A

oral, visual, kinesthetic

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4
Q

what is the input

A

information picked up by the senses from the display

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5
Q

what is selective attention

A

filtering out irrelevant information from the display

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6
Q

when is selective attention used

A

before decision making

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7
Q

what is decision making

A

using the short and long term memory to make a decision

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8
Q

what is output

A

information sent to the muscles to carry out a response

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9
Q

what is feedback

A

understanding what went right or wrong during output stage - can be intrinsic or extrinsic

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10
Q

how is short term memory used in decision making

A

information from the past 18 seconds like the position of a teammate

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11
Q

how is long term memory used in decision making

A

used to recall a similar situation in the past to come up with the correct response

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12
Q

examples of short term memory

A

position of players, position of opponent, direction of wind, movement of defenders

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13
Q

examples of long term memory

A

opposition tactics, how to skill up a defender

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14
Q

what are the different types of feedback

A

intrinsic, extrinsic, positive, negative, knowledge of results, knowledge of performance

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15
Q

what is intrinsic feedback

A

comes from within a performer

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16
Q

what is extrinsic feedback

A

comes from an external source like a coach or teammate

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17
Q

what is positive feedback

A

encouragement or praise

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18
Q

what is negative feedback

A

error correction and highlighting what went wrong

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19
Q

what is knowledge of results

A

feedback received by looking at the outcome of the skill

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20
Q

what is knowledge of performance

A

feedback received by looking at the technique

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21
Q

feedback useful for a beginner

A

extrinsic, positive, negative

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22
Q

feedback useful for an expert

A

intrinsic, extrinsic, knowledge of performance, positive and negative

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23
Q

types of guidance

A

visual, verbal, manual, mechanical

24
Q

what is visual guidance

A

guidance through video or demonstration

25
Q

what is verbal guidance

A

guidance through a verbal explanation

26
Q

what is manual guidance

A

guidance through actual contact with a performer

27
Q

what is mechanical guidance

A

guidance through the use of a device

28
Q

advantages and disadvantages of visual guidance

A
  • creates image and good technique
  • needs to be accurate
29
Q

advantages and disadvantages of verbal guidance

A
  • reinforces visual, good if accurate
  • can be hard to follow for beginners
30
Q

advantages and disadvantages of manual guidance

A
  • improve confidence and safer
  • learner may become dependent on the support
31
Q

advantages and disadvantages of mechanical guidance

A
  • gives an idea of kinesthesis movement
  • doesn’t replicate real life situation
32
Q

what is a skill

A

a learned action/behavior with the intention of bringing out predetermined results

33
Q

what is an ability

A

inherited from your parents, stable traits that determine an individual’s potential to learn

34
Q

classification of skills

A

basic or complex
open or closed
self-paced or externally paced
gross or fine

35
Q

difference between basic and complex skill

A

basic - requires few decisions
complex - requires decision making using lots of information

36
Q

difference between open and closed skill

A

open - occur in unpredictable environments - affected by environment
closed - occur is fixed situations not affected by the environment

37
Q

difference between self-paced and externally paced skill

A

self - performer controls start and speed of a skill
externally - performer has no control of start or speed

38
Q

difference between a gross and fine skill

A

gross - uses large muscle groups
fine - uses smaller muscle groups

39
Q

what is a performance goal

A

a target that is focussed on improving individual performance

40
Q

what is an outcome goal

A

a target that focuses on winning or social comparison

41
Q

what is a SMART target

A

specific, measurable, accepted, realistic and time-bound

42
Q

what is arousal

A

a physical or mental state of alertness, varying from deep sleep to intense excitement

43
Q

what is the optimal point of arousal

A

the point of arousal on the inverted U graph that produces optimal performance

44
Q

what are three stress management techniques

A

positive self talk, mental rehearsal, deep breathing

45
Q

what is deep breathing

A

slow, deep breathes to slow down heart rate and reduce anxiety

46
Q

what is positive self-talk

A

positive instructions to yourself in order to remain focused on the task

47
Q

what is mental rehearsal

A

the performer visualises themself being successful in their personal performance

48
Q

what is aggression

A

a deliberate intent to harm or injure another person

49
Q

what is direct aggression

A

an aggressive act which involves physical contact with others

50
Q

what is indirect aggression

A

aggression taken out on an object

51
Q

characteristics of an introvert

A

shy, reserved, usually associated with individual sports

52
Q

characteristics of an extrovert

A

sociable, outgoing, usually associated with team sports

53
Q

what is motivation

A

reasons for people’s actions, desires and needs

54
Q

what is intrinsic motivation

A

motivation that comes from within, resulting in pride

55
Q

what is extrinsic motivation

A

motivation that comes from an outside source such as a coach

56
Q

what is tangible motivation

A

something that can be touched

57
Q

what is intangible motivation

A

not having physical presence, can’t be touched

PE (7 decks)

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