Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

1410 Chap 1 - 4 > Chapter #4/ Slides #4 > Flashcards

Chapter #4/ Slides #4 Flashcards

1
Q

Volcano

A

A vent from which emerges underground material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Volcanic eruptions include

A

Molten rock and solid debris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Igneous activity includes

A

The production of migration of melt. The solidification of melt beneath the earth surface, and Eruption and solidification of melt on earths surface.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Volcanos and Eruptions are what classification of hazard/disaster

A

Volcanos: Natural Hazard
Eruptions: Can be natural disasters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Melting occurs in specific places according to?

A

Temperature, Pressure, and Chemical composition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Decompression melting locations are?

A

Mantle plumes
Tectonic rift zones
Beneath mid-ocean ridges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Decompression starts?

A

Initiates melting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

As a mantle rock rises, what happens?

A

Pressure lowers drastically and temperature only changes slightly.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are Volatiles?

A

They are compounds that evaporate easily, they come from subducting plates. Causes melting in overlying asthenosphere.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Magma and Lava compounds are ?

A

Oxides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Oxides are made of ?

A

Bonded metal and oxygen atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The four types of melts

A

Felsic (most silica)
Intermediate
Mafic
Ultramafic (Least silica)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which of the four types of melts has the highest viscocity?

A

Felsic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which of the four types of melts has the highest % of silica

A

Felsic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which of the four types of melts has the highest temperature?

A

Ultramafic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

4 Factors that Determine melting composition

A

Source rock composition
Partial Melting
Fractional Crystallization
Assimilation of Wall rock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Viscosity

A

The melts resistance to flow, the higher the viscosity the slower the flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The figure below shows victims of the 79 C.E. Pompeii volcanic
eruption. How were these victims discovered?

a) Geologists used seismic waves to image a buried Pompeii home, and
thus discovered the fossilized remains of victims.

b) Physicists used magnetic resonance imaging to see through volcanic
debris, then unearthed victims that had metamorphosed into rock.

c) Archeologists noticed open spaces in volcanic debris, filled one with
plaster, and then removed the surrounding debris.

d) Chemists measured high soil pH around Pompeii homes, and thus
looked for human remains in the form of calcified skeletal remains.

A

No answer was provided

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the two reasons Magma rises?

A

It’s buoyant relative to surrounding rock.
Pressure squeezes it upwards.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Magma Chamber

A

An underground space containing a crystal mush, crystal mush contains melt and dispersed crystal grains.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Liquidus

A

The temperature when solidification begins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Solidus

A

The temperature when solidification is complete

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Intrusive igneous rock

A

Solidifies underground, EX: Dikes, Plutons, Sills

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Dikes are?

A

Intrusive igneous rock, that is wall shaped, cuts through layers vertically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Plutons are?

A

Intrusive igneous rock, that is blob-shaped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Sills are?

A

Magma is squeezed between existing rock layers. Horizontally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Extrusive igneous rock

A

Solidifies after coming out of a volcano, includes lava flows and pyroclastic debris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are the igneous rock textures and how are they formed?

A

Glassy: Extremely fast cooling
Coarse: Slow cooling
Fine: Fast cooling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Pyroclastic

A

A fast hot moving flow of hot gas and volcanic matter that flows along the ground away from a volcano

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Fragmental Texture occurs in two ways.

A

When hot pyroclastic debris weld together.
When cooled pyroclastic debris is compacted and cemented.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Igneous Rock Composition

A

Classification is the same as magma.
Felsic, intermediate, mafic, and ultramafic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is the lightest Igneous rock, and the darkest?

A

Felsic rocks are lighter, mafic rockers are darker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

How is Gabbro created?

A

Magma cooling slowly underground

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

How is Basalt created?

A

When magma cools rapidly on the seafloor

35
Q

What is the Ring of Fire

A

Subaerial volcanoes surrounding the Pacific Ocean

36
Q

Where are Island Arc created?

A

on oceanic lithosphere

37
Q

Where are Continental arcs created?

A

On the continental lithosphere

38
Q

Flood Basalts

A

Rocks formed by vast mafic lava flows

39
Q

Basalt Plateaus

A

Created from successive flood eruptions

40
Q

Lava flow

A

The flowing molten lava, the layer of rock that forms after flow solidifies

41
Q

What does felsic lava create?

A

High viscosity creates lava domes

42
Q

Intermediate lava flows, and has?

A

Blocky flows with jumbled hot rocks

43
Q

Mafic lava flows

A

Has a low viscosity, can flow across hundreds of meters and kilometers long.

44
Q

Lava tubes

A

A lava rivers surface may crust over creating a tunnel

45
Q

Lava Lakes

A

Lava may collect near vent, lakes may be hundreds of meters deep

46
Q

Lava fountains

A

Lava squirts into air due to high pressure

47
Q

Pāhoehoe lava flows

A

Slower moving, low volume, Crust creates smooth glassy rope like ridges

48
Q

A‘ā lava flows

A

Faster moving, large volume , crust creates jumbled rubbly fragments

49
Q

Pillow lava flows

A

Flows erupting underwater cool quickly, solidify into pillow shapes

50
Q

Pyroclastic Debris

A

Made up of lava droplets, may solidify in mid air, ejected debris and broken rock from a vent

51
Q

Ash

A

flakes of glass and rock

52
Q

Lapilli

A

marble-sized debris

53
Q

Cinders

A

lapilli formed from solidified lava clots

54
Q

Blocks

A

Large, angular chunks

55
Q

Volcanic bombs

A

blocks that become streamlined as they fall

56
Q

Volcanic Edifices

A

A landform around a vent, created by solidified lava and pyroclastic debris

57
Q

Summit

A

The edifice peak

58
Q

Flanks

A

The side slopes of edifice

59
Q

Throat (of a crater)

A

the conduit by which lava and gas reach earths surface. Topped by a crater

60
Q

Craters

A

Bowl shaped holes

61
Q

Calderas

A

Larger than craters and may occur on shield volcanoes

62
Q

Eruptions occur from

A

a crater or flank vents or along fissures

63
Q

Shield Volcano

A

Broad gently sloped domes, has low viscosity mafic lava flows a long distance before solidifying

64
Q

Cinder Cones

A

Symmetrical cone shaped tephra piles, Tephra is ejected by lava fountains, may form on flanks of a larger volcano

65
Q

Stratovolcanoes (Composite Volcanoes)

A

Cone shaped mountains of alternating lava and pyroclastic debris, steep sides are erupted rock, base is eroded.

66
Q

Effusive Eruptions

A

Mafic lava fountains and flows, with very little pyroclastic debris. Occurs at first, hot spots, island arcs, and mid ocean ridges

67
Q

Explosive eruptions

A

Energetic blasts forcing pyroclastic debris from vent. Occur when magma encounters water or contains trapped gas

68
Q

Phreatomagmatic eruptions

A

Eject lava, water, steam, and pyroclastic debris

69
Q

Phreatic eruptions

A

Eject only pyroclastic debris

70
Q

Lahar

A

A muddy slurry of ash, melted snow, and rain

71
Q

Strombolian Eruption

A

Slightly lower viscous magma traps gas bubbles. Temp blocks throat, produces lava fountains, lapilli, and scoria bombs

72
Q

Vulcanian Eruption

A

Moderately viscous magma traps gas bubbles, lava domes block throat, so pressure increases. Produce large eruptions of lapilli, blocks and ash

73
Q

Pliania Eruptions

A

Produced from stratovolcanoes, highly viscous intermediate an felsic lava that trapes gas

74
Q

Ash harms

A

Breathing problems, destroy crops, break roofs, damage soil chemistry, break jet engines

75
Q

Sulfurous Gases

A

Emitted from a volcano, poisonous and can kill you

76
Q

Vog

A

Volcanic smog, made from sulfur emission

77
Q

Laz

A

Lava haze, contains hydrochloric acid

78
Q

Active volcano

A

erupting now or recently erupted

79
Q

Dormant volcano

A

Has not erupted for decades or millennia

80
Q

Extinct volcano

A

Will never erupt again due to geologic conditions

81
Q

Short Term eruption predictions

A

Usually with days to months

82
Q

Long term eruption predictions

A

predictions depend on RI

83
Q

Name the Alert levels and colors

A

Green: Normal
Yellow: Advisory
Orange: Watch
Red: Warning

84
Q

How to redirect lava?

A

Levee/path way, and spraying freezing agents

1410 Chap 1 - 4 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions