Chapter 4 Short Answer/Extended Response Flashcards
List the three main reasons for population growth between 1860 and 1910.
-Increase in immigration
-Better living conditions
-Living longer
Name the three goals of the AFL(American Federation of Labor).
-Convince companies to agree to collective bargaining
-Use closed shops, Companies could only hire union workers
-Promote an 8-hour workday
Discuss the types of careers that women chose in the late 1800s.
-⅓ of women worked as domestic servants
-⅓ were teachers, nurses, sales clerks, and secretaries
-⅓ were industrial workers
Discuss the inventions of the late 1800’s. Include the inventor and what he invented.
-Thomas Edison- phonograph, the electric generator, and the light bulb
-George Westinghouse- developed an alternating current system to distribute electricity over long distances
-Alexander Graham Bell- invented first telephone
-Gustavus Swift- Developed a refrigerated railroad car
Describe the building and completion of the first transcontinental railroad.
-Union Pacific and Central Pacific built the railroad
-Union Pacific started at Omaha, Nebraska using 10,000 workers
-Central Pacific began near Sacramento 10,000 Chinese immigrants
-4 years to complete; met at Promontory Summit, Utah
Explain what happened in the Credit Mobilier scandal?
-Credit Mobilier was a construction company set up by stockholders of the Union Pacific railroad
-To convince Congress to give the railroad more grants, the company sold stock to some Congressmen illegally at a much lower price
-This led people to call railroad leaders “Robber Barons
Discuss what happened in the great railroad strike of 1877.
-Workers left their jobs and blocked the tracks due to wage cuts
-Involved 80,000 workers and ⅔ of the country’s railways
-State militias were brought in and violence erupted
-President Hayes sent federal troops/ strike lasted 12 days, over 100 dead and $10 million worth of railroad property destroyed
