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AP Psych. > Chapter 4 Quiz > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Quiz Flashcards

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1
Q

Physical

A

Nature vs. Nurture

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2
Q

Cognitive

A

continuity vs stages

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3
Q

Social

A

stability vs change

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4
Q

4 stages

A
  • prenatal development and newborn
  • infancy and childhood
  • adolescence
  • adulthood
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5
Q

Conception

A

a single sperm cell penetrates the outer coating of the egg and fuses to form one fertilized cell.

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6
Q

Zygote

A 
fertilized egg (100 cells that become more diverse)
- 2 week period of rapid cell division
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7
Q

Embryo

A

developing human organism (2 weeks to 2 months)

- at nine weeks the embryo turns into a fetus

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8
Q

Embryo (end of 2nd month)

A

develops facial features, hands, and feets

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9
Q

Embryo (entering 4th month)

A

3 ounces; can fit in palm of hand

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10
Q

Teratogens

A

chemicals or viruses that can enter the placenta and harm the fetus
ex. aid viruses, nicotine, and alcohol

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11
Q

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)

A

physical and cognitve abnormalities in children caused by a woman’s heavy drinking

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12
Q

Rooting reflex

A

babies born with survival reflexes: this is an example of the baby opening its mouth and looking for or “root” for the nipple when you touch their cheek.

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13
Q

Habituation

A

form of learning showing a decreased responsiveness to stimuli

  • response weakens the longer the baby is exposed to it
  • suggest memory recognition
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14
Q

Baby Prefrences

A
  • human voices and faces
  • face-like images
  • smell and sound of mother
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15
Q

motorskills and memory depend on ___

A

brain development

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16
Q

Maturation

A

brain development in based on genetic instructions, causing bodily and mental functions to occur in sequence.
ex. crawling- standing- walking

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17
Q

conscious memory doesn’t take shape until….

A

age 3-4

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18
Q

cognition

A

all mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating

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19
Q

Jean Piaget

A

developmental psychologist

  • believe children develop in stages
    ex. two year old doesn’t know that a mini slide is too small to function.
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20
Q

schemas

A

frame work for information. in order to adjust our schemas we assimilate and accomodate.

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21
Q

assimilate

A

interpret a new experience in terms of current knowledge

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22
Q

accomodate

A

adapt our current understandings to incorporate new info.

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23
Q

Piagetion Stages

  1. sensorimotor
A

age: birth-2

- babies take in the world by looking, hearing, touching, mouthing, and grasping

24
Q

Piagetion stages

  1. Pre operational
A

age: 2- 6/7
- children represent the world through words, images, symbols, and gestures
- use intuition rather than logic

25
Q

Piagetion stages

3. concrete operational

A

ages: 7-11
- use logical reasoning to think about concrete events and analogies, but too young to attempt complex mental operations.

26
Q

Piagetion Stages

4. formal operational

A

ages: 12 and up

- develop ability to reason abstractly and hypothetically

27
Q

researcher change Piaget theory by saying…..

A
  • development is a continuous process
  • children express their mental abilities at an early age
  • formal logic is a smaller part of cognition
28
Q

Attachment: Harry Harlow

A
  • conducted an experiment showing monkeys preferring contact with comfortable cloth mother even while feeding from the nourishing wire mother.
29
Q

Developmental psychology

A

branch of psychology concerned with physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span.

30
Q

Fetus

A

developing prenatal human from 9 weeks after conception to birth.

31
Q

Object Permanence

A

which develops during the sensorimotor stage, is the awareness that things do not cease to exist when not perceived.

32
Q

conservation

A

the principle that properties such as number, volume, and mass remain constant despite changes in the forms of objects; it is acquired during the concrete operational stage.

33
Q

egocentrism

A
  • Piagets theory
  • refers to the difficulty that pre-operational children have in considering another’s viewpoint. “Ego” means “self,” and “centrism” indicates “in the center”; the pre-operational child is “self-centered”/
34
Q

Theory of Mind

A

our ideas about our own and others’ thoughts, feelings, and perceptions and the behaviors these might predict constitute our theory of mind

35
Q

Autism

A

a disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by deficiencies in communication, social interaction, and theory of mind.

36
Q

Stranger anxiety

A

the fear of strangers that infants begin to display at about 8 months of age.

37
Q

critical period

A

a limited time shortly after birth during which an organism must be exposed to certain experiences or influences if it is to develop properly.

38
Q

Imprinting

A

the process by which certain animals form attachments during a limited critical period early in life.

39
Q

basic trust

A

a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy— a concept that infants form if their needs are met by responsive caregiving.

40
Q

self-concept

A

a person’s sense of identity and personal worth.

41
Q

adolescence

A

life stage from puberty to independent adulthood, denoted physically by a growth spurt and maturation of primary and secondary sex characteristics, cognitively by the onset of formal operational thought, and socially by the formation of identity.

42
Q

puberty

A

the early adolescent period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproduction.

43
Q

primary sex characteristics

A

the body structures. (ovaries, testes, external genitalia) that enable reproduction.

44
Q

secondary sex characteristics

A

the non reproductive sexual characteristics, for example, female breasts, male voice quality, and body hair.

45
Q

menarche

A

first menstrual cycle

46
Q

Spermarche

A

boys first ejaculation

47
Q

Intimacy

A
  • Eriksons theory

- the ability to establish close, loving relationships, is the primary task of late adolescence and early adulthood.

48
Q

identity

A
  • Eriksons theory

- one’s sense of self, is the primary task of adolescence.

49
Q

Menopause

A
  • cessation of menstruation
  • occurs in the early 50s
  • declining ability to reproduce
50
Q

Alzheimers disease

A

progressive and irreversible brain disorder. gradual loss of memory, reasoning, language, and physical functioning.
-deterioration of neurons (Acetylcholine)

51
Q

cross-sectional study

A

people of different ages are compared with one another

52
Q

longitudinal study

A

the same people are tested and retested over a period of years.

53
Q

crystallized intelligence

A
  • increases with age

- intellectual ability (vocab and general knowledge)

54
Q

fluid intelligence

A

refers to a persons ability to reason speedily and abstractly.
-decline with age

55
Q

social clock

A

culturally preferred timing of social events, such as leaving home, marrying, having children, and retiring.

AP Psych. (7 decks)

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