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AP Psych. > Chapter 4 Quiz > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Quiz Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

Physical

A

Nature vs. Nurture

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2
Q

Cognitive

A

continuity vs stages

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3
Q

Social

A

stability vs change

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4
Q

4 stages

A
  • prenatal development and newborn
  • infancy and childhood
  • adolescence
  • adulthood
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5
Q

Conception

A

a single sperm cell penetrates the outer coating of the egg and fuses to form one fertilized cell.

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6
Q

Zygote

A 
fertilized egg (100 cells that become more diverse)
- 2 week period of rapid cell division
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7
Q

Embryo

A

developing human organism (2 weeks to 2 months)

- at nine weeks the embryo turns into a fetus

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8
Q

Embryo (end of 2nd month)

A

develops facial features, hands, and feets

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9
Q

Embryo (entering 4th month)

A

3 ounces; can fit in palm of hand

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10
Q

Teratogens

A

chemicals or viruses that can enter the placenta and harm the fetus
ex. aid viruses, nicotine, and alcohol

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11
Q

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)

A

physical and cognitve abnormalities in children caused by a woman’s heavy drinking

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12
Q

Rooting reflex

A

babies born with survival reflexes: this is an example of the baby opening its mouth and looking for or “root” for the nipple when you touch their cheek.

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13
Q

Habituation

A

form of learning showing a decreased responsiveness to stimuli

  • response weakens the longer the baby is exposed to it
  • suggest memory recognition
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14
Q

Baby Prefrences

A
  • human voices and faces
  • face-like images
  • smell and sound of mother
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15
Q

motorskills and memory depend on ___

A

brain development

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16
Q

Maturation

A

brain development in based on genetic instructions, causing bodily and mental functions to occur in sequence.
ex. crawling- standing- walking

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17
Q

conscious memory doesn’t take shape until….

A

age 3-4

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18
Q

cognition

A

all mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating

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19
Q

Jean Piaget

A

developmental psychologist

  • believe children develop in stages
    ex. two year old doesn’t know that a mini slide is too small to function.
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20
Q

schemas

A

frame work for information. in order to adjust our schemas we assimilate and accomodate.

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21
Q

assimilate

A

interpret a new experience in terms of current knowledge

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22
Q

accomodate

A

adapt our current understandings to incorporate new info.

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23
Q

Piagetion Stages

  1. sensorimotor
Study These Flashcards
A

age: birth-2

- babies take in the world by looking, hearing, touching, mouthing, and grasping

24
Q

Piagetion stages

  1. Pre operational
Study These Flashcards
A

age: 2- 6/7
- children represent the world through words, images, symbols, and gestures
- use intuition rather than logic

25
Piagetion stages | 3. concrete operational
ages: 7-11 - use logical reasoning to think about concrete events and analogies, but too young to attempt complex mental operations.
26
Piagetion Stages | 4. formal operational
ages: 12 and up | - develop ability to reason abstractly and hypothetically
27
researcher change Piaget theory by saying.....
- development is a continuous process - children express their mental abilities at an early age - formal logic is a smaller part of cognition
28
Attachment: Harry Harlow
- conducted an experiment showing monkeys preferring contact with comfortable cloth mother even while feeding from the nourishing wire mother.
29
Developmental psychology
branch of psychology concerned with physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span.
30
Fetus
developing prenatal human from 9 weeks after conception to birth.
31
Object Permanence
which develops during the sensorimotor stage, is the awareness that things do not cease to exist when not perceived.
32
conservation
the principle that properties such as number, volume, and mass remain constant despite changes in the forms of objects; it is acquired during the concrete operational stage.
33
egocentrism
- Piagets theory - refers to the difficulty that pre-operational children have in considering another's viewpoint. "Ego" means "self," and "centrism" indicates "in the center"; the pre-operational child is "self-centered"/
34
Theory of Mind
our ideas about our own and others' thoughts, feelings, and perceptions and the behaviors these might predict constitute our theory of mind
35
Autism
a disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by deficiencies in communication, social interaction, and theory of mind.
36
Stranger anxiety
the fear of strangers that infants begin to display at about 8 months of age.
37
critical period
a limited time shortly after birth during which an organism must be exposed to certain experiences or influences if it is to develop properly.
38
Imprinting
the process by which certain animals form attachments during a limited critical period early in life.
39
basic trust
a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy--- a concept that infants form if their needs are met by responsive caregiving.
40
self-concept
a person's sense of identity and personal worth.
41
adolescence
life stage from puberty to independent adulthood, denoted physically by a growth spurt and maturation of primary and secondary sex characteristics, cognitively by the onset of formal operational thought, and socially by the formation of identity.
42
puberty
the early adolescent period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproduction.
43
primary sex characteristics
the body structures. (ovaries, testes, external genitalia) that enable reproduction.
44
secondary sex characteristics
the non reproductive sexual characteristics, for example, female breasts, male voice quality, and body hair.
45
menarche
first menstrual cycle
46
Spermarche
boys first ejaculation
47
Intimacy
- Eriksons theory | - the ability to establish close, loving relationships, is the primary task of late adolescence and early adulthood.
48
identity
- Eriksons theory | - one's sense of self, is the primary task of adolescence.
49
Menopause
- cessation of menstruation - occurs in the early 50s - declining ability to reproduce
50
Alzheimers disease
progressive and irreversible brain disorder. gradual loss of memory, reasoning, language, and physical functioning. -deterioration of neurons (Acetylcholine)
51
cross-sectional study
people of different ages are compared with one another
52
longitudinal study
the same people are tested and retested over a period of years.
53
crystallized intelligence
- increases with age | - intellectual ability (vocab and general knowledge)
54
fluid intelligence
refers to a persons ability to reason speedily and abstractly. -decline with age
55
social clock
culturally preferred timing of social events, such as leaving home, marrying, having children, and retiring.

AP Psych. (7 decks)

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