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AP Psych. > Chapter 2 Part 1 test review > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Part 1 test review Flashcards

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1
Q

Dendrites

A

The extension off the soma that receives neural messages.

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2
Q

Myelin Sheath

A

The fatty insulation that allows messages to travel down a neuron.

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3
Q

Antagonist

A

Drug that blocks a neurotransmitter.

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4
Q

Agonist

A

drug that mimics a neurotransmitter.

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5
Q

Dopamine

A

Influences movements, learning, attention, and emotion; linked to Parkinson’s Disease.

ex. Malfunction: too much= schizophrenia
too little= Parkinson’s disease

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6
Q

Acetylcholine (Ach)

A

enables muscle action, learning, and memory: linked to Alzheimer’s Disease.

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7
Q

Neurotransmission

A

The process of sending electrochemical messages throughout the body.

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8
Q

Action Potential

A

When a neuron becomes depolarized in order to fire a message through a neuron.
Generated: movement of positively charged atoms

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9
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Function: Helps control heartbeat, alertness, and arousal.

Ex. of malfunction: Not enough= depressed moods
prozac/antidepressant drugs raise serotonin levels

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10
Q

Serotonin

A

Function: affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal.

Ex. of malfunction: too little= depression can be treated with Prozac

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11
Q

Reuptake

A

The process of removing excess neurotransmitters from the synapse.

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12
Q

The body is composed of cells that communicate with each other through ____ ____

A

Chemical Messages

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13
Q

Soma/Cell Body

A

Life support center of the neuron; has a nucleus

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14
Q

Terminal Branches

A

Endings of an axon that have bulbs at the tip filled with neurotransmitters.

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15
Q

Axon

A

Long single extension of a neuron (vary in length): passes messages to other neurons, glands, and Muscle covered with Myelin Sheath.

outside axon: positively charged ions
Inside axon: negatively charged ions

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16
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

send messages to other neurons.

types of neurotransmitters: serotonin, dopamine, and acetylcholine (Ach)

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17
Q

Nodes of Ranvier

A

spaces between the Myelin Sheath sections

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18
Q

Hillack

A

Point at which the soma meets the axon

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19
Q

Synapse/Synaptic Gap/ Cleft

A

The space between neurons

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20
Q

A neuron fires when it receives signals from ____ ____

A

Sensory receptors

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21
Q

Ions

A

create electricity (action potential) which comes from chemical events

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22
Q

Neurons Firing!!

  1. Resting Potential
A

positive ions on the outside and negative ions on the inside

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23
Q
  1. Depolarization
A

when the axon fires; opening channels to allow positive ions in

24
Q
  1. Refractory Period
A

the axon is resting and pushes the positively charged ions back out. Can’t fire an impulse.

25
Q

Excitatory

A

Like pushing an acceleration

26
Q

Inhibitory

A

like pressing a brake

27
Q

All or None Response (Action Potential)

A

A strong stimulus can trigger more neurons to fire.

28
Q

neurotransmissions P2

A

When an electrical impulse travels down the axon (body of neuron), it releases neurotransmitters which cross the gap between two neurons known as a synapse.

29
Q

CNS (Central Nervous System)

A

compromised of the brain and spinal cord

-receives sensory information from the nervous system and controls the body’s responses

30
Q

PNS (Peripheral Nervous System)

A

The sensory and motor neurons that connect Central Nervous System (CNS) to the rest of the body.

31
Q

_____
_______ _______ ______ ______
____ ____

A 
Nervous System
Peripheral                 Central
Autonomic    Somatic 
 Sympathetic  Parasympathetic
(arousing)          (Calming)
32
Q

PNS: Autonomic

A

controls the glands and internal organs (heartbeat, organs, happen automatically)

33
Q

PNS: Somatic

A

The division of the PNS that controls the body’s skeletal muscles.

34
Q

Auto: Sympathetic

A

arouses the body giving it energy in stressful situations

Ex. Pupils dilate, sweaty, fast heart beat, “fight or Flight”, inhibit digestion, etc.

35
Q

Endocrine=

A

within

36
Q

The Endocrine System

A

The body’s slower chemical communication system.

  • 8 glands that produce chemicals which regulate certain body activities.
    ex. hypothalamus, thyroid gland, adrenal glands, testis, pituitary glands, parathyroids, pancreas, and ovary.
37
Q

The Endrocrine system uses what type of chemical?

A

hormones; synthesized by glands.

38
Q

what aspects of life do the Endrocrine system influences?

A

growth, reproduction, metabolism, and mood.

39
Q

only certain cells in the body can respond to hormones, often only at limited times, in order for cells to respond they must have the…

A

hormone receptors molecule

ex. oxytocin

40
Q

chemicals of nervous system=

A

neurotransmitters

41
Q

nervous system secretes neurotransmitters between ____ ____

A

nerve cells

42
Q

in the nervous system, how long does it take for signals to send?

A

fraction of a second.

43
Q

chemicals of endrocrine system=

A

hormones

44
Q

Endocrine system secretes hormones into…

A

blood stream

45
Q

how long do chemical of the endrocrine system take to begin working?

A

it can take many seconds; effects can last longer (days, hours)

46
Q

Hypothalamus

A

controls body, temperature, hunger, thirst, fatigue, sleep, and circadian cycle.

47
Q

Pituitary Gland

A

controls growth.

Anterior pituitary- lobe releases hormones that regulate other glands

48
Q

posterior lobe

A

regulates water and salt balance.

49
Q

Thyroid Glands

A

affects metabolism, among other things.

50
Q

Parathyroid glands

A

help regulate the level of calcium in blood.

51
Q

Adrenal glands

A

consist of the adrenal medulla and and the cortex

52
Q

adrenal medulla

A

secretes hormones during stressful and emotional situations. (epinephrine and norepinephrine)

53
Q

Gonads

A

sex glands that regulate bodily development and maintain reproductive organs in adults.
Testis- secrete male sex hormones
ovary- secrete female sex hormones

54
Q

GABA

A

Function: inhibits acceptance of pain; makes us think we are not in pain.

Ex. of Malfunction: too little= seizures, tremors, and insomnia.

55
Q

Glutamate

A

Function: major excitatory neurotransmitter; involved in memory.

Ex. of Malfunction: too much= migraines and seizures

AP Psych. (7 decks)

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