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MENTAL HEALTH > Chapter 4- Psychopharm > Flashcards

Chapter 4- Psychopharm Flashcards

1
Q

tolerance

A

over time, may need increased dosage to achieve same effect

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2
Q

dependence

A

physical or psychological
with stopping, withdrawal symptoms

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3
Q

anxiolytics

A

Benzodiazepines
buspirone

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4
Q

Benzodiazepines

A

decreases the CNS (limbic and reticular system)
antidote: flumazenil
also can be used for: ETOH withdrawal, seizures, spasms, sedation
SE: have GABA potentiation, may have paradoxical effect
do not give to elderly/parkinson

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5
Q

common benzos

A

clonazepam
lorazepam
alprazolam
diazepam

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6
Q

buspirone

A

BuSpar
does not depress CNS
no risk of abuse
has a delayed action (takes 3-4 weeks to reach full effect)

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7
Q

antidepressants

A

MAOIs
Tricyclics
SSRIs
SNRIs
atypical antidepressants

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8
Q

MAOIs

A

inhibit MAO enzyme that inactivates neurotransmitters
increases risk for suicide initially
avoid tyramine and OTC cold meds

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9
Q

commons MAOIs

A

selegiline
isocarboxazid
phenelzine

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10
Q

Tricyclics

A

block reuptake of norepi and serotonin
SE: anticholinergic, orthostatic hypotension
toxicity causes cardiac arrhythmias

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11
Q

common tricyclics

A

nortriptyline
amitriptyline
desipramine
doxepin

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12
Q

anticholinergic effects

A

dry mouth
blurred vision
photophobia
constipation
tachycardia
urinary retention

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13
Q

SSRIs

A

block the reuptake of serotonin
SE: dry mouth, sexual dysfunction, hyponatremia
toxicity= serotonin syndrome

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14
Q

common SSRIs

A

fluoxetine
sertraline
citalopram
escitalopram

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15
Q

fluoxetine

A

Prozac

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16
Q

sertraline

A

Zoloft

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17
Q

citalopram

A

Celexa

18
Q

escitalopram

A

Lexapro

19
Q

serotonin syndrome

A

toxicity of SSRIs
diarrhea
hyperreflexia
fever
spasms + seizure
dilated pupils
shivering
tachycardia
HTN

20
Q

SNRIs

A

similar SE of SSRIs

21
Q

common SNRIs

A

venlafaxine
duloxetine
desvenlafaxine

22
Q

atypical antidepressants

A

bupropion- for withdrawal
trazodone- helps w insomnia
mirtazapine- increases appetite

23
Q

Mood Stabilizers

A

treat bipolar disorder
increase suicide risk
Lithium
Anticonvulsants
Antipsychotics

24
Q

lithium

A

narrow therapeutic range (0.6-1.2)
SE: weight gain, hypotension
antidote: mannitol
Educate: maintain adequate fluid intake, ensure sodium intake is stable. will need to draw blood 12 hrs after last dose

25
Q

trough level

A

lowest concentration of med
draw blood for lithium 12 hrs after last dose

26
Q

sodium and fluid impact on lithium

A

increased sodium=decreased effect of lithium
if dehydrated=increased effect of lithium

27
Q

Anticonvulsants

A

inhibits glutamate, causes suppresssion of CNS excitation
SE: hyponatremia, steven johnson syndrome
can cause birth defects, will need pregnancy test in women

28
Q

common anticonvulsants

A

clonazepam
carbamazepine
valproate
topiramte

29
Q

Antipsychotics

A

“neuroleptics” “major tranquilizers”
treat schizophrenia, adjunct med for depression, can be used as an antiemetic for Tourettes
Typical vs Atypical

30
Q

Antipsychotic side effects

A

EPS + neuroleptic malignant syndrome w typicals.
temperature regulation issues
anticholinergic
decreased libido
amenorrhea
weight gain
prolonged QT
diabetes
photosensitivity

31
Q

Extrapyramidal symptoms

A

acute dystonias
akinesia
akathisia
oculogyric crisis
tardive dyskinesias

32
Q

antidote for EPS from antipsychotics

A

benztropine

33
Q

Antipsychotic contraindications

A

elderly
Parkinson’s
glaucoma
seizures
CNS depression

34
Q

positive schizophrenia symptoms

A

hallcuinations, delusions, disorganized thoughts

35
Q

negative schizophrenia symptoms

A

blunted affect, alogia

36
Q

Typical antipsychotics

A

treat positive symptoms only
meds: haloperidol, loxapine, phenothiazines

37
Q

Atypical antipsychotics

A

treat positive AND negative symptoms
low potential for EPS
meds: clozapine, risperidone, quetiapine

38
Q

clozapine major SE

A

agranulocytosis

39
Q

ADHD medications

A

Amphetamines
atomoxetine- inhibits reuptake of norepi
bupropion- blocks uptake of serotonin, dopamine, norepi

40
Q

Amphetamines

A

CNS stimulants
increase neurotransmitters
SE: anorexia, overstimulation, palpitations, tachycardia, insomnia, restlessness
Educate: dont give w/in 6hrs of bedtime, do not consume caffeine, monitor blood sugar

41
Q

common amphetamines

A

methylphenidate
dexmethylphenidate
dextroamphetamine
lisdexamfetamine

42
Q

Amphetamine contraindications

A

hypertension
hyperthyroidism
glaucoma
MAOIs

MENTAL HEALTH (16 decks)

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