Chapter 4- Psychoanalytic theory

Question 1

libido

Answer 1

sexual energy, life instincts

Question 2

thanatos

Answer 2

death instinct, account for aggressive drive

Question 3

id

Answer 3

original system of personality, primary source of psychic energy and the seat of the instincts. lacks organization and is blind, demanding and inconsistent. ruled by the pleasure principle-aimed at reducing tension, avoiding pain, and gaining pleasure. is illogical, amoral, and driven to satisfy instinctual needs

Question 4

ego

Answer 4

has contact with the external world or reality. it is the “executive” that governs, controls, and regulates the personality. It mediates between the instincts and the surrounding environment. ruled by the reality principle. Checks and controls blind impulses

Question 5

superego

Answer 5

includes a person’s moral code, the main concern being whether an action an action is good or bad, right or wrong. It represents an ideal rather than the real and strives not for pleasure but for protection

Question 6

unconscious

Answer 6

stores all experiences, memories, and repressed material

Question 7

anxiety

Answer 7

feeling of dread that results from repressed feelings, memories, desires, and experiences that emerge to the surface of awareness

Question 8

reality anxiety

Answer 8

The fear of danger from the external world, and the level of such anxiety is proportionate to the degree of the real threat

Question 9

neurotic anxiety

Answer 9

fear that instincts will get out of hand and cause the person to do something for which she/he will be punished

Question 10

moral anxiety

Answer 10

fear of one’s own conscience

Question 11

ego-defense mechanisms

Answer 11

help the individual cope with anxiety and prevent the ego from being overwhelmed

Question 12

repression

Answer 12

threatening or painful thoughts and feelings are excluded from awareness.

Question 13

denial

Answer 13

“closing one’s eyes” to the existence of a threatening aspect of reality

Question 14

reaction formation

Answer 14

actively expressing the opposite impulse when confronted with a threatening impulse

Question 15

projection

Answer 15

attributing to others one’s own unacceptable desires and impulses. E.g. husband is upset with wife for cheating when he is the one cheating

Question 16

displacement

Answer 16

directing energy toward another object or person when the original object or person is inaccessible

Question 17

rationalization

Answer 17

manufacturing “good” reasons to explain away a bruised ego

Question 18

sublimation

Answer 18

diverting sexual or aggressive energy into other channels

Question 19

regression

Answer 19

going back to an earlier phase of development when there were fewer demands

Question 20

introjection

Answer 20

taking in and “swallowing” the values and standards of others

Question 21

identification

Answer 21

identifying with successful causes, organizations, or people in the hope that you will be perceived as worthwhile

Question 22

compensation

Answer 22

masking perceived weaknesses or developing certain positive traits to make up for limiations

Question 23

oral stage

Answer 23

inability to trust oneself and others, resulting in the fear of loving and forming close relationships and low self-esteem

Question 24

anal stage

Answer 24

deals with the inability to recognize and express anger, leading to the denial of one’s own power as a person and the lack of a sense of autonomy

Question 25

phallic stage

Answer 25

deals with the inability to fully accept one's sexuality and sexual feelings, and also to difficultly in accepting oneself as a man or woman

Question 26

latency stage

Answer 26

sexual interest are replaced by interests in school, this is a time of socialization

Question 27

genital phase

Answer 27

begins with puberty and lasts until senility. Adolescents can deal with sexual energy by investing in socially acceptable activities

Question 28

classical psychoanalysis

Answer 28

grounded on id psychology and holds that instincts and intrapsychic conflicts are the basic factors shaping personality development

Question 29

contemporary psychoanalysis

Answer 29

based on ego psychology, which does not deny the role of intrapsychic conflicts but emphasizes the striving of the ego for mastery and competence throughout the human life span

Question 30

blank-screen approach

Answer 30

analysts typically assume an anonymous non-judgemental stance

Question 31

transference relationship

Answer 31

clients make projections onto them. it is a cornerstone of psychoanalysis and "refers to the transfer of feelings originally experienced in an early relationship to other important people in a person's present environment

Question 32

infancy: Trust vs. Mistrust

Answer 32

If infants needs are provided for infant develops a sense of trust. If not mistrust especially toward interpersonal relationships

Question 33

Early Childhood: Autonomy vs. Shame and doubt

Answer 33

Basic struggle between a sense of self-reliance and sense of self-doubt. Child needs to explore and experiment, to make mistakes, and to test limits

Question 34

Preschool age: Initiative vs. Guilt

Answer 34

Basic task is to achieve a sense of competence and initiative. If children are given freedom to select personally meaningful activities, they tend to develop a positive view of self and follow through with their projects

Question 35

School age: Industry vs. inferiority

Answer 35

Child needs to expand understanding of world, continue to develop appropriate gender-role identity and learn the basic skills required for school success

Question 36

Adolescence: Identity vs. role confusion

Answer 36

A time of transition between childhood and adulthood. A time for testing limits, for breaking dependent ties and for establishing a new identity

Question 37

Young Adulthood: Intimacy versus isolation

Answer 37

Developmental task at this time is to form intimate relationships. Failure to achieve intimacy can lead to alienation and isolation

Question 38

Middle Age: Generativity vs. Stagnation

Answer 38

There is a need to go beyond self and family and be involved in helping the next generation. This is a time of adjusting to discrepancy between one's dream and one's actual accomplishments

Question 39

Later Life: Integrity vs. Despair

Answer 39

If one looks back on life with few regrets and feels personally worthwhile, ego integrity results. Failure to achieve ego integrity can lead to feelings of despair, hopelessness, guilt, resentment, and self-rejection

Question 40

classical psychoanalysis

Answer 40

must be willing to commit themselves to an intensive, long-term therapy process

Question 41

free association

Answer 41

client says whatever comes to mind without self-censorship

Question 42

psychodynamic theory

Answer 42

emerged as a way of shortening and simplifying the lengthy process of classical psychoanalysis. Don't use techniques associated with classical analysis

Question 43

working through

Answer 43

process that consists of repetitive and elaborate explorations of unconscious material and defenses, most of which originated in early childhood

Question 44

Countertransference

Answer 44

Occur when there is inappropriate affect, when the therapists respond in irrational ways or when they lose their objectivity in a relationship because their own conflicts are triggered

Question 45

Maintaining the analytic framework

Answer 45

Refers to stylist procedures such as the analyst's relative anonymity, maintaining neutrality and objectivity, the regularity and consistency of meetings, starting and ending he sessions on time, clarity on fees, and basic boundary issues

Question 46

Free association

Answer 46

Clients are encouraged to say whatever comes to mind, regardless of how painful, silly, trivial, illogical or irrelevant. One of the basic tools used to open the doors to unconscious wishes, fantasies, conflicts, and motivations

Question 47

Interpretation

Answer 47

Consists of the analyst pointing out, explaining, and even teaching the client meanings of behavior that is manifested in dreams, free association, resistance, defense, and the therapeutic relationship itself

Question 48

Dream analysis

Answer 48

Is an important procedure for uncovering unconscious material and giving the client insight into some areas of unresolved problems. During sleep defenses are lowered and repressed feelings surface

Question 49

Latent content

Answer 49

Consists of hidden, symbolic, and unconscious motives, wishes, and fears

Question 50

Manifest content

Answer 50

A dream that appears to the dreamer

Question 51

Dream work

Answer 51

The process by which the latent content of a dream is transformed into less threatening manifest content

Question 52

Resistance

Answer 52

A concept fundamental to the practice of psychoanalysis, it is anything that works against the progress of therapy and prevents the client from producing previously unconscious material. It is the clients reluctance to bring to the surface the awareness of repressed material

Question 53

Jung's Analytical Psychology

Answer 53

Is an elaborate explanation of human nature that combines ideas from history, mythology, anthropology, and religion

Question 54

Individuation

Answer 54

The harmonious integration of the conscious and unconscious aspects of personality-is an innate and primary goal

Question 55

Shadow

Answer 55

Our dark side-with it's primitive impulses such as selfishness and greed. Acceptance of this does not imply being dominated by this dimension of our being, but simply recognizing that it is a part of our nature. Has the deepest roots and is the most dangerous and powerful of the archetype

Question 56

Collective unconscious

Answer 56

"The deepest and least accessible level of the psyche," which contains the accumulation of inherited experiences of human and prehuman species

Question 57

Archetypes

Answer 57

The images of universal experiences contained in the collective unconscious. Among the most important are persona, anima, animus

Question 58

Persona

Answer 58

Mask or public face, that we wear to protect ourselves

Question 59

Animus/ anima

Answer 59

Represent both biological and psychological aspects of masculinity and femininity which are thought to coexist in both sexes

Question 60

Ego Psychology

Answer 60

Part of classical analysis with the emphasis placed on the vocabulary of the id, ego, and superego and on Freud's identification of defense mechanisms

Question 61

Object-relations theory

Answer 61

Concerned with investigating attachment and separation. Emphasize how relationships with other people are affected by the we we have internalized our experiences of others and set up representations of others within ourselves

Question 62

Object

Answer 62

Used by Freud to refer to that which satisfies a need, or to the significant person or thing that is the object or target of one's feelings or drives

Question 63

Self- Psychology

Answer 63

It emphasizes how we use interpersonal relationships to develop our own sense of self

Question 64

Relational model

Answer 64

Based on the assumption that therapy is an interactive process between client and therapist. Based on the exploration of the complex conscious and unconscious dynamics at play with respect to both therapist and client

Question 65

Narcissistic personality

Answer 65

Characterized by a grandiose and exaggerated sense of self-importance and an exploitive attitude toward others, which serve the function of masking a frail self-concept. Such individuals seek attention and admiration from others

Question 66

Borderline personality disorder

Answer 66

Have moved into the separation process but have been thwarted by parental rejection of their Individuation. A crisis ensues when the child does develop beyond the stage of symbiosis, but the parents are unable to tolerate this beginning Individuation and withdraw emotional support. They are characterized by instability, irritability, self-destructive acts, impulsive anger, and mood shifts

Question 67

Brief Psychodynamic Therapy

Answer 67

Applies principles of psychodynamic theory and therapy to treating selective disorders witching a pre established time limit of generally 10-25 session. Uses key psychodynamic concepts such as enduring impact of psychosexual, psychosocial, and object-relational stages of development