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Theories of Counseling > Chapter 4- Psychoanalytic theory > Flashcards

Chapter 4- Psychoanalytic theory Flashcards

1
Q

libido

A

sexual energy, life instincts

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2
Q

thanatos

A

death instinct, account for aggressive drive

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3
Q

id

A

original system of personality, primary source of psychic energy and the seat of the instincts. lacks organization and is blind, demanding and inconsistent. ruled by the pleasure principle-aimed at reducing tension, avoiding pain, and gaining pleasure. is illogical, amoral, and driven to satisfy instinctual needs

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4
Q

ego

A

has contact with the external world or reality. it is the “executive” that governs, controls, and regulates the personality. It mediates between the instincts and the surrounding environment. ruled by the reality principle. Checks and controls blind impulses

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5
Q

superego

A

includes a person’s moral code, the main concern being whether an action an action is good or bad, right or wrong. It represents an ideal rather than the real and strives not for pleasure but for protection

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6
Q

unconscious

A

stores all experiences, memories, and repressed material

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7
Q

anxiety

A

feeling of dread that results from repressed feelings, memories, desires, and experiences that emerge to the surface of awareness

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8
Q

reality anxiety

A

The fear of danger from the external world, and the level of such anxiety is proportionate to the degree of the real threat

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9
Q

neurotic anxiety

A

fear that instincts will get out of hand and cause the person to do something for which she/he will be punished

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10
Q

moral anxiety

A

fear of one’s own conscience

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11
Q

ego-defense mechanisms

A

help the individual cope with anxiety and prevent the ego from being overwhelmed

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12
Q

repression

A

threatening or painful thoughts and feelings are excluded from awareness.

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13
Q

denial

A

“closing one’s eyes” to the existence of a threatening aspect of reality

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14
Q

reaction formation

A

actively expressing the opposite impulse when confronted with a threatening impulse

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15
Q

projection

A

attributing to others one’s own unacceptable desires and impulses. E.g. husband is upset with wife for cheating when he is the one cheating

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16
Q

displacement

A

directing energy toward another object or person when the original object or person is inaccessible

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17
Q

rationalization

A

manufacturing “good” reasons to explain away a bruised ego

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18
Q

sublimation

A

diverting sexual or aggressive energy into other channels

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19
Q

regression

A

going back to an earlier phase of development when there were fewer demands

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20
Q

introjection

A

taking in and “swallowing” the values and standards of others

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21
Q

identification

A

identifying with successful causes, organizations, or people in the hope that you will be perceived as worthwhile

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22
Q

compensation

A

masking perceived weaknesses or developing certain positive traits to make up for limiations

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23
Q

oral stage

A

inability to trust oneself and others, resulting in the fear of loving and forming close relationships and low self-esteem

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24
Q

anal stage

A

deals with the inability to recognize and express anger, leading to the denial of one’s own power as a person and the lack of a sense of autonomy

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25
Q

phallic stage

A

deals with the inability to fully accept one’s sexuality and sexual feelings, and also to difficultly in accepting oneself as a man or woman

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26
Q

latency stage

A

sexual interest are replaced by interests in school, this is a time of socialization

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27
Q

genital phase

A

begins with puberty and lasts until senility. Adolescents can deal with sexual energy by investing in socially acceptable activities

28
Q

classical psychoanalysis

A

grounded on id psychology and holds that instincts and intrapsychic conflicts are the basic factors shaping personality development

29
Q

contemporary psychoanalysis

A

based on ego psychology, which does not deny the role of intrapsychic conflicts but emphasizes the striving of the ego for mastery and competence throughout the human life span

30
Q

blank-screen approach

A

analysts typically assume an anonymous non-judgemental stance

31
Q

transference relationship

A

clients make projections onto them. it is a cornerstone of psychoanalysis and “refers to the transfer of feelings originally experienced in an early relationship to other important people in a person’s present environment

32
Q

infancy: Trust vs. Mistrust

A

If infants needs are provided for infant develops a sense of trust. If not mistrust especially toward interpersonal relationships

33
Q

Early Childhood: Autonomy vs. Shame and doubt

A

Basic struggle between a sense of self-reliance and sense of self-doubt. Child needs to explore and experiment, to make mistakes, and to test limits

34
Q

Preschool age: Initiative vs. Guilt

A

Basic task is to achieve a sense of competence and initiative. If children are given freedom to select personally meaningful activities, they tend to develop a positive view of self and follow through with their projects

35
Q

School age: Industry vs. inferiority

A

Child needs to expand understanding of world, continue to develop appropriate gender-role identity and learn the basic skills required for school success

36
Q

Adolescence: Identity vs. role confusion

A

A time of transition between childhood and adulthood. A time for testing limits, for breaking dependent ties and for establishing a new identity

37
Q

Young Adulthood: Intimacy versus isolation

A

Developmental task at this time is to form intimate relationships. Failure to achieve intimacy can lead to alienation and isolation

38
Q

Middle Age: Generativity vs. Stagnation

A

There is a need to go beyond self and family and be involved in helping the next generation. This is a time of adjusting to discrepancy between one’s dream and one’s actual accomplishments

39
Q

Later Life: Integrity vs. Despair

A

If one looks back on life with few regrets and feels personally worthwhile, ego integrity results. Failure to achieve ego integrity can lead to feelings of despair, hopelessness, guilt, resentment, and self-rejection

40
Q

classical psychoanalysis

A

must be willing to commit themselves to an intensive, long-term therapy process

41
Q

free association

A

client says whatever comes to mind without self-censorship

42
Q

psychodynamic theory

A

emerged as a way of shortening and simplifying the lengthy process of classical psychoanalysis. Don’t use techniques associated with classical analysis

43
Q

working through

A

process that consists of repetitive and elaborate explorations of unconscious material and defenses, most of which originated in early childhood

44
Q

Countertransference

A

Occur when there is inappropriate affect, when the therapists respond in irrational ways or when they lose their objectivity in a relationship because their own conflicts are triggered

45
Q

Maintaining the analytic framework

A

Refers to stylist procedures such as the analyst’s relative anonymity, maintaining neutrality and objectivity, the regularity and consistency of meetings, starting and ending he sessions on time, clarity on fees, and basic boundary issues

46
Q

Free association

A

Clients are encouraged to say whatever comes to mind, regardless of how painful, silly, trivial, illogical or irrelevant. One of the basic tools used to open the doors to unconscious wishes, fantasies, conflicts, and motivations

47
Q

Interpretation

A

Consists of the analyst pointing out, explaining, and even teaching the client meanings of behavior that is manifested in dreams, free association, resistance, defense, and the therapeutic relationship itself

48
Q

Dream analysis

A

Is an important procedure for uncovering unconscious material and giving the client insight into some areas of unresolved problems. During sleep defenses are lowered and repressed feelings surface

49
Q

Latent content

A

Consists of hidden, symbolic, and unconscious motives, wishes, and fears

50
Q

Manifest content

A

A dream that appears to the dreamer

51
Q

Dream work

A

The process by which the latent content of a dream is transformed into less threatening manifest content

52
Q

Resistance

A

A concept fundamental to the practice of psychoanalysis, it is anything that works against the progress of therapy and prevents the client from producing previously unconscious material. It is the clients reluctance to bring to the surface the awareness of repressed material

53
Q

Jung’s Analytical Psychology

A

Is an elaborate explanation of human nature that combines ideas from history, mythology, anthropology, and religion

54
Q

Individuation

A

The harmonious integration of the conscious and unconscious aspects of personality-is an innate and primary goal

55
Q

Shadow

A

Our dark side-with it’s primitive impulses such as selfishness and greed. Acceptance of this does not imply being dominated by this dimension of our being, but simply recognizing that it is a part of our nature. Has the deepest roots and is the most dangerous and powerful of the archetype

56
Q

Collective unconscious

A

“The deepest and least accessible level of the psyche,” which contains the accumulation of inherited experiences of human and prehuman species

57
Q

Archetypes

A

The images of universal experiences contained in the collective unconscious. Among the most important are persona, anima, animus

58
Q

Persona

A

Mask or public face, that we wear to protect ourselves

59
Q

Animus/ anima

A

Represent both biological and psychological aspects of masculinity and femininity which are thought to coexist in both sexes

60
Q

Ego Psychology

A

Part of classical analysis with the emphasis placed on the vocabulary of the id, ego, and superego and on Freud’s identification of defense mechanisms

61
Q

Object-relations theory

A

Concerned with investigating attachment and separation. Emphasize how relationships with other people are affected by the we we have internalized our experiences of others and set up representations of others within ourselves

62
Q

Object

A

Used by Freud to refer to that which satisfies a need, or to the significant person or thing that is the object or target of one’s feelings or drives

63
Q

Self- Psychology

A

It emphasizes how we use interpersonal relationships to develop our own sense of self

64
Q

Relational model

A

Based on the assumption that therapy is an interactive process between client and therapist. Based on the exploration of the complex conscious and unconscious dynamics at play with respect to both therapist and client

65
Q

Narcissistic personality

A

Characterized by a grandiose and exaggerated sense of self-importance and an exploitive attitude toward others, which serve the function of masking a frail self-concept. Such individuals seek attention and admiration from others

66
Q

Borderline personality disorder

A

Have moved into the separation process but have been thwarted by parental rejection of their Individuation. A crisis ensues when the child does develop beyond the stage of symbiosis, but the parents are unable to tolerate this beginning Individuation and withdraw emotional support. They are characterized by instability, irritability, self-destructive acts, impulsive anger, and mood shifts

67
Q

Brief Psychodynamic Therapy

A

Applies principles of psychodynamic theory and therapy to treating selective disorders witching a pre established time limit of generally 10-25 session. Uses key psychodynamic concepts such as enduring impact of psychosexual, psychosocial, and object-relational stages of development

Theories of Counseling (6 decks)

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