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NCIDQ - IDFX > Chapter 4: Programming > Flashcards

Chapter 4: Programming Flashcards

1
Q

What is programming?

A

A process during which information about a problem is collected, analyzed, and clearly stated to provide a basis for design. It defines a problem before a solution is attempted.

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2
Q

What is the difference between programming and design?

A

Programming is problem analysis, whereas design is problem synthesis.

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3
Q

Should a program include?

A
  • Client’s goals and objectives
  • Analysis of existing building
  • Aesthetic considerations
  • Space needs
  • Adjacency requirements
  • Organizing concepts
  • Code review
  • Budget requirements
  • Scheduling requirements
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4
Q

What is the five-step process programming method?

A

It involves establishing goals, collecting and analyzing facts, uncovering and testing concepts, determining needs, and stating the problem.

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5
Q

Describe the “establishing goals” step of the five-step programming method.

A

Goals provide direction of programmatic concepts that ultimately suggest the physical means of achieving the goals. It’s important in this step to know the objectives the client is trying to reach with the different space types and square footages.

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6
Q

Describe the “collecting and analyzing facts” step of the five-step programming method.

A

This step involves documenting the existing conditions and hard numbers, user characteristics, equipment, budget, and more.

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7
Q

Describe the “uncovering and testing concepts” step of the five-step programming method.

A

In this phase, the designer develops abstract ideas that are functional solutions to the client’s performance problems, without defining the physical means that could be used to solve them. These are programmatic concepts, which are different than design concepts.
Example: develop a design that separates entertainment and sleeping areas because the parents like to entertain

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8
Q

What is a programmatic concept?

A

A performance requirement related to methods of solving a problem or satisfying a need.

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9
Q

What is a design concept?

A

A specific physical response that attempts to achieve a programmatic concept.

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10
Q

Describe the “determining needs” step of the five-step programming method.

A

It is during step that “wants” have to be separated from “needs.” One or more of the four elements of cost (quantity, quality, budget, and time) may have to be adjusted to balance needs against available resources.

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11
Q

What is the “stating the problem” step of the five-step programming method.

A

Succinctly stating the essence of the problem, which is the bridge between programming and the design process. There should be a minimum of 4 problem statements - one for each of the major considerations of form, function, economy, and time.

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12
Q

What is “form” in the context of the four major considerations during programming?

A

Relates to the existing conditions in a space, the physical and psychological environment of the interior, and the quality of construction.

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13
Q

What is “function” in the context of the four major considerations during programming?

A

Relates to the people using a space, the activities to be performed there, and the relationship of spaces to each other.

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14
Q

What is “economy” in the context of the four major considerations during programming?

A

Concerns money: the initial cost of the interior, operating costs (if applicable), and life-cycle costs.

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15
Q

What is “time” in the context of the four major considerations during programming?

A

Describes the ideas of past, present, and future as they affect the other three considerations.

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16
Q

What is the “priority” programmatic concept?

A

Establishes order of importance of things such as size, position, or social values ie. prioritizing lobby over offices

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17
Q

What is the “hierarchy” programmatic concept?

A

Relates to the idea of the exercise of authority and is expressed in the physical symbols of authority ie. office size and location

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18
Q

What is the “character” programmatic concept?

A

A response to the desired image the client wants to project.

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19
Q

What is the “density” programmatic concept?

A

Low, medium, or high - may relate to how a space or group of spaces are used to respond to goals such as efficient use of space or desired amount of interaction.

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20
Q

What is the “service groupings” programmatic concept?

A

Include mechanical services, such as mechanical systems, as well as other functions that support the use of a space. Distribution of supplies, storage space, information, and vending areas are examples.

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21
Q

What is the “activity grouping” programmatic concept?

A

States whether activities should be integrated or separated and compartmentalized.

22
Q

What is the “people grouping” programmatic concept?

A

States the degree of massing of people in a space and is derived from the physical, social, and emotional characteristics of the group.

23
Q

What is the “home base” programmatic concept?

A

Related to the concept of territoriality and is a place where a person can maintain his or her individuality.

24
Q

What is the “relationships” programmatic concept?

A

Affinities of people and activities - one of the most common programming concepts because it directly affects the organization of spaces.

25
Q

What is the “communications” programmatic concept?

A

A response to the goal of promoting the effective exchange of information or ideas.

26
Q

What is the “neighbors” programmatic concept?

A

Refers to how the project will promote or prevent sociability and how it will relate to its neighboring spaces.

27
Q

What is the “accessibility” programmatic concept?

A

The idea of entry to a building OR making the building accessible to the disabled.

28
Q

What is the “separated flow” programmatic concept?

A

Segregating the flow of people, service access, and other activities of a building or space.

29
Q

What is the “mixed flow” programmatic concept?

A

A response to the goal of promoting interaction among people.

30
Q

What is the “sequential flow” programmatic concept?

A

Often required for both people and objects where a specific series of events or processes is required.

31
Q

What is the “orientation” programmatic concept?

A

Providing a point of reference within a space or building to help keep people from feeling lost within a larger context.

32
Q

What is the “flexibility” programmatic concept?

A

Includes 3 components - expandibility, versatility, and convertibility.

33
Q

What is the “tolerance” programmatic concept?

A

Allows for extra space for a dynamic activity (one likely to change) instead of fitting the space precisely to a static activity.

34
Q

What is the “safety” programmatic concept?

A

Focuses attention on life safety and the conceptual ways to achieve it.

35
Q

What is the “security controls” programmatic concept?

A

Ways that both people and property can be protected based on the value of the potential loss.

36
Q

What is the “phasing” programmatic concept?

A

Determines if the project must be completed in stages to meet time and cost schedules.

37
Q

What information should a program include in its written form?

A
  • A statement of goals and objectives
  • A list of client requirements
  • A list of spaces and their square footages
  • May also include a survey of existing conditions, budget requirements, scheduling constraints, and expansion requirements.
38
Q

What is the field of human factors?

A

Involves the correctness of fit between objects and spaces and the needs of the people using those objects and spaces.

39
Q

What is the field of of anthropometrics?

A

The measurement of the size, proportions, and range of motion of the human body. Static anthropometrics measures the body at rest, while dynamic anthropometrics measures the body while performing activities.

40
Q

What is the field of ergonomics?

A

The study of relation between human physiology and the physical environment. Uses the information developed by anthropometrics, but goes further by studying exactly how humans interact with physical objects.

41
Q

What is the concept of human comfort?

A

Based on the quality of the following primary environmental factors: temperature, humidity, air movement, temperature radiation to and from surrounding surfaces, air quality, sound, vibration, and light.

42
Q

How does metabolism relate to human comfort?

A

The body takes in food and water and through the metabolic process, converts these to mechanical energy and other bodily processes necessary to maintain life. The body must give off excess heat to maintain and stable temperature (btus) by convection, evaporation, and/or radiation.

43
Q

What is convection?

A

The transfer of heat through the movement of a fluid, either a gas or liquid.

44
Q

What is evaporation?

A

When moisture changes to a vapor as a person perspires or breathes resulting in heat loss.

45
Q

What is radiation?

A

The transfer of heat energy through electromagnetic waves from one surface to a colder surface.

46
Q

What is conduction?

A

The transfer of heat through direct contact between two objects of different temperatures.

47
Q

What is the generally comfortable air temperature range?

A

69-80 degrees

48
Q

What is the comfortable relative humidity range?

A

30%-65%

49
Q

What four factors determine thermal comfort?

A

Air temperature, humidity, air movement, and radiation.

50
Q

What is the mean radiant temperature (MRT)?

A

A weighted average of the various surface temperatures in a room, the angle of exposure of the occupant to these surfaces, and any sunlight present - is the value used to determine radiation as an aspect of comfort.

51
Q

What are the broad groups of required information to complete a program?

A
  • Goals and objectives
  • User requirements
  • Activity requirements
  • Furnishings and equipment
  • Adjacencies
  • Space requirements listed by activity area and square footage
  • Time and money requirements
52
Q

What the general guidelines for completing a client interview?

A

It combines observation, a structured process, the ability to clarify ambiguous questions or responses, and the opportunity for extemporaneous exploration of needs and ideas of the user not previously considered.

  • Choose people that represent a cross-section of the organization
  • Two interviewers should be present
  • Can be conducted individually or in groups (not too large)

NCIDQ - IDFX (22 decks)

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