Chapter 14: Acoustics Flashcards
What are the 3 basic qualities of sound?
Velocity, frequency, and power.
What impacts the velocity of sound?
Velocity depends on the medium in which the sound is traveling and the temperature of the medium.
What is frequency?
The number of cycles completed per second and is measured in hertz (Hz). 1 Hz equals 1 cycle/sec. The sounds that we call high notes or high-pitched sounds have higher frequencies; bass notes have lower frequencies.
What is power?
The quality of acoustic energy as measure in watts. It is this power that people perceive as loudness.
What is the unit of measurement for the power/intensity of sound?
decibel (dB); 0 dB is the threshold of human hearing and 130 dB is the threshold of pain
What is the decibel range for an average office?
60-80 dB
What is the decibel range for an average home?
40-60 dB
What is the frequency range that a healthy young person can hear sounds?
20-20,000 Hz
What is the frequency range that people are most sensitive to?
3000-4000 Hz
What is the frequencey range for speech?
125-8000 Hz
Is the human ear less sensitive to low or high frequencies?
Low
How is sound transmission primarily retarded?
The mass of the partition. The stiffness/rigidity is also important
What is transmission loss?
Takes into account only the loss through the partition
What is noise reduction?
Dependent not only on the transmission loss but also on the area of the partition separating the two spaces and the absorption of the surfaces in the quiet room (the one not producing the noise).
What is the sound transmission class (STC)?
A single-number rating often used to rate the transmission loss of construction. The higher the STC rating, the better the barrier is in stopping sound.
What is the STC in which loud speech is not intelligible but can be heard?
35
What is the flaw in STC ratings?
They represent the ideal loss through a barrier under laboratory conditions and components built in the field are seldom constructed as well as those in the lab. Also breaks such as cracks, electrical outlets, doors, and the like will less the overall noise reduction.
What is a noise criteria curve?
Noise Criteria (NC) curves are primarily used to rate indoor noise levels. It is important that the background noise levels are within acceptable limits to ensure optimal speech communication for structures ranging from residences and offices to hospitals and schools.
What is the goal of sound absorption?
Used to control unwanted sound reflections (noise), improve speech privacy, and decrease or increase reverberation.
What is the noise reduction coefficient (NRC)?
The average of a material’s absorption coefficient at the four frequencies of 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz rounded to the nearest multiple of .05.
What is a coefficient of absorption?
The ratio of sound intensity absorbed by the material to the total intensity reaching the material.
What is the sound absorption average (SAA)?
The average of the absorption coefficients for the 12 one-third-octave bands from 200 Hz to 2500 Hz when tested in accordance with ASTM C423.
What is the NRC of carpet on concrete?
.50
What the NRC of 5/8” suspended acoustic tile?
.60