Chapter 4: Policing - History, Structure, Organization Flashcards
what are the variables/factors that influence discretion? describe them
- Situational variables
- affect how police respond
- how you respond to officers, how serious offense is, if police officer working alone, the physical setting (public or private)
- Communal variables
- race and social class of community
- officers making more arrest in working class communities
- writting off communities as lost causes
- Extralegal variables (focus on individual)
- taking race, class, and gender on account of making decisions
- protecting privileged groups while punishing the poor
what year was the NWMP created?
North west mounted police: 1873
what event lead to an increasing number of routy ppl on the street which sparked concern about rising crime?
Industrial revolution
Peel legitimized the police force, amid public disatisfaction, by ensuring that police would/will:
- serve the interests of ALL citizens
- include the prevention of crime as part of their mandate
- recruited officers from working class (to prevent any bias on who gets punished)
- meet high standards of recruitment and training
- officers chosen from community
- be proactive rather than reactive
what are some criticisms with requiring police to have post-secondary education?
- limit to diversity (restricted to those who can afford post-secondary ed)
- becomes less appealing
- raising pay for tax payers
Peels Principle was:
A) reaction
B) detering
C) crime control
D) Conscent policing
D
Define low visibility discretion
there isnt someone in authority watching over what police are doing (unless of course they are practicingto become a police officer)
what are some things the RCMP are responsible for?
- security services
- international peacekeeping
- intelligence/national security
- provide contract police services to communities
what is known as Canadas central agency for criminal records?
CPIC - Canadian police information center
- controled by RCMP
- All records kept by criminals in canada
- records of those who are wanted or have been arrested
the NWMP were responsible for:
- law and order for the frontier
- the activity of the american whisky traders reaking havoc in the area
what does peel believe with regards to police force?
- police should use force ONLY to the extent that it is necessary
- they should restore order by first using persuastion, advice, and warnings; if this is insufficient then force should be used as a last resort
what are the broad functions of the Police?
-
assistance and information
- involves general public
- provide information on cases
- criminal investigation
- crime prevention
-
law enforcement
- minor part of of what police actually do
- Maintenance of public order
- emergency response
how does the community play a part in allowing Peels new vision about the police?
- police duties requires public approval
- police must secure the cooperation of the public in voluntary observance of the law to secure and maintain the respect of the public
- the more force used = the LESS ppl will cooperate with police
- to maintain public favor, police must be impartial and not cater to public opinoin
- Police are the public and the public are the police
- need to maintain replationship with the community
- police by cooperation rather then by fear
discuss the municipal/regional police services.
what is a criticism to it?
- municipalities have own police services
- can join to form regional police service (ex: Peel region police responsible for huge area in toronto)
criticism
- too centralized
- inhibits organization from establishing relationships with the community
Robert Peel introduced the ________
Metropolitan police act
