Chapter 4- Percieving Others

Question 0

Attribution

Answer 0

Attaching meaning to a behavior. Making sense of another persons behavior

Question 1

Androgynous

Answer 1

Combining both feminine and masculine traits

Question 2

Confirmation bias

Answer 2

Once first impressions are created positive or negative,we tend to seek out and organize our impressions to support our opinion or analyzation

Question 3

Empathy

Answer 3

The ability to recreate another persons perspective, to rl experience the works from his or her point of view. Impossible to achieve complete empathy, but with practice we can get close.

Question 4

First-order realities

Answer 4

Physically observable qualities of a thing or situation. For ex. If your mom hugged you really passionately would be very obvious to an observer
We see it with our eyes

Question 5

Gender

Answer 5

Physiological sex type male female

Question 6

Halo effect

Answer 6

The tendency to form an overall positive impression of a person on a basis of one positive characteristic. You find one good trait and you perceive the person as good in your eyes.

Question 7

Interpretation

Answer 7

Once we have selected and organized our perception,we interpret them in a way that makes some sort of sense.

Question 8

Narrative

Answer 8

The stories we use to describe our personal world

Question 9

Negotiation

Answer 9

Process in which communicators influence each others perception through communication

Question 10

Organization

Answer 10

After selecting information from the environment, we must arrange it in some meaningful way in order to make sense of it.

Question 11

Perception checking

Answer 11

A better more in depth way to check and share your interpretations.

1. A description of the behavior you noticed.
2. Two possible interpretations of the behavior.
3. A request for clarification about how to interpret behavior.

Question 12

Psychological sex type

Answer 12

Masculine, feminine, androgynous (both masculine & feminime) and undifferentiated (neither masculine nor feminine).

Question 13

Punctuation

Answer 13

Determination of causes and effects in a series of communication.

Question 14

Second order realities

Answer 14

Our attaching meaning It doesn’t reside through physically observable traits like first order realities, but rather through the mind. When we have a close relationship whit a friend, we start to perceive things similarly. That’s 2nd order realities

Question 15

Selection

Answer 15

The selection of the data we will attend to. What we choose to pay mind to.

Question 16

Self serving bias

Answer 16

We tend to judge and evaluate ourselves in the most generous terms possible.

Question 17

Standpoint theory

Answer 17

How a persons position in society shaped his or her view of society in general, and of specific individuals

Question 18

Stereotyping

Answer 18

Exaggerated beliefs associated with a categorizing of a system.

Question 19

Perception process

Answer 19

1. Selection ( picking what we want to focus our attention on)
2. Organization ( classify/arrange)
3. Interpretation ( analyze; what does it mean)- making sense if the situation and or encounter.
4. negotiate- process by which communicators influence each other’s perception through communication

Question 20

Perceptual schema

Answer 20

Cognitive frameworks that allow us to give order to the info we have selected (classification)

1. physical constructs- classifying by appearance
2. role constructs-using social position
3. Interaction constructs- focus on social behavior
4. Psychological constructs- internal state of mind( happy, sad, neurotic etc)

Question 21

Physical constructs

Answer 21

Classifying people according to their appearance

Ex. Fat, skinny, attractive etc.

Question 22

Role constructs

Answer 22

Social position

Ex. Occupation, student, father, mother, etc.

Question 23

Interacting constructs

Answer 23

Social behavior. Things you can be to other people
Ex. Compassionate, happy, sad, mean, etc.
(How you act)

Question 24

Psychological constructs

Answer 24

Internal state/ disposition or feeling

Feeling

Question 25

Relational satisfaction

Answer 25

The way we personally feel and where we stand on certain things play a big role in how we are going to perceive it. For ex. If you have a positive relationship with your wife and she leaves the toilet seat up, it probably wouldn’t bother you as much as if you both had a negative relationship

Question 26

Neurobehavioral

Answer 26

Physical disorder ADHD ADD