Chapter 4 Part 2 Flashcards
connective tissue
the most diverse and abundant tissue type; bind and hold structures
four main classes of connective tissue
connective tissue proper, cartilage, osseous (bone) tissue, and blood
function of CT
binding (tendons & ligaments) support (skeletal system) protection (cranium, thoracic cage) insulation (fat tissue) transportation (blood)
Fibers of CT
Collagen, Elastic, Reticular
Collagen
very tough fibers that are able to withstand tension
elastic
made up of the protein elastin; are able to stretch and recoil
reticular
delicate collagen fibers that form networks around certain structures
blast cells
immature cells that make the fibers of the CT
active) (examples: fibroblasts (CT proper), chondroblasts (cartilage), osteoblasts (bone
cyte cells
mature, less active (examples: fibrocyte (CT proper), chondrocyte (cartilage), osteocyte (bone)
special characteristics of CT
common origin, degrees of vascularity lots of blood: loose CT proper, bones little blood: dense CT proper, cartilage extracellular matrix
extracellular matrix
the part of CT outside of and surround the cells
includes: fibers, ground substance
mesenchyme
function: gives rise to all other CT types
location: primarily in embyro
how many types of loose CT and dense CT
3 loose and 3 dense
Areolar Tissue
function: gel-like matrix with all three fiber types
important role in inflammation and the immune responses
also contains fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, and WBCs
location: under epithelia tissue packages organs, and surrounds capillaries
Adipose Tissue
“fat tissue”
function: energy storage; insulates against heat loss
location: under skin, around kidneys,eyeballs, around the heart
Reticular Tissue
function: stroma that supports other cell types
location: lymphoid organs (lymph nodes, bone marrow, spleen)
Dense Irregular
function: withstand tension in many directions; provide strength
location: dermis of the skin, capsules of joints
Dense Regular
function: strength in one direction
location: ligaments, tendons
Elastic Tissue
function: providing recoil after stretching
location: wall of aorta
Cartilage Hyaline
amorphous but firm matrix, collagen fibers form an “invisible network”, chondrocytes are present
function: supports and reinforces and has cushioning
location: costal cartilage of ribs, cartilage of nose, trachea
Cartilage Elastic
more elastic fibers than hyaline
function: maintains shape and allow flexibility
location: supports the external ear; epiglottis
Cartilage Fibrocartilage
less firm than hyaline
function: absorb compressive shock
location: intervertebral discs, menisci cartilage of knees
osseous tissue
osteocytes are present and well vascularized
function: supports and protects, levers for muscles, storage of calcium
location: bones
blood
red and white blood cells in fluid matrix (plasma)
function: transportation of respiratory gases, nutrients and wastes
location: blood vessels
Covering and Lining Membranes
membranes that cover many structures and cavities in the body
made up of an epithelial layer and an underlying connective layer
types of covering/lining membranes
cutaneous, mucous, serous
cutaneous membrane
skin (dry membrane)
mucous membrane
all open cavities (respiratory, digestive, reproductive, and urinary system
serous membrane
lines the closed pleural, pericardial, peritoneal cavities
endoderm
inside
ectoderm
outside
mesoderm
middle
what tissue is derived from mesoderm?
connective and muscle tissues
what tissue is derived from the ectoderm, endoderm and few of mesoderm?
epithelia
what tissue is derived from the ectoderm?
nervous tissue
