Chapter 1 Flashcards
Anatomy
the study of the structure of the human body
gross anatomy
what you can see “cadavers”
microscopic anatomy
studying at a cellular level
histology
study of tissues
developmental anatomy
how structures grow and develop
hierarchy of structural organization
chemicals cells tissues organs organ systems organisms
relationship with structure and function
the form/ structure of a particular body part reflects its function
axial region
head, neck, and trunk
appendicular region
limbs
superior
toward the head end of upper part of a structure or the body; above
inferior
away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; below
anterior
toward or at the front of the body; in front of
posterior
toward or at the back of the body; behind
medial
toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side
lateral
away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of
proximal
closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
distal
farther from the origin of body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
superficial (external)
toward or at the body surface
deep (internal)
away from the body surface; more internal
dorsal body cavity
{holds lot of protection}
cranial cavity
vertebral cavity (spinal cord)ventral body cavity
thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity
thoracic cavity
pleural cavity (holds lungs) mediastinum pericardial cavity (around the heart)
abdominopelvic cavity
abdominal cavity (kidneys, digestive viscera) peritoneal (has everything except the kidneys) pelvic cavity (bladder, reproductive, and urinary system)
diaphragm
between the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity
help us breathe and separate the cavities
parietal serosa
line the outer wall of the cavity
Examples: parietal pericardium, parietal pleural, parietal peritoneum,
visceral serosa
cover the organs within the cavity (continuous with the parietal serosa)
Examples: visceral pericardium, visceral pleural, visceral peritoneum
oral cavity
mouth
nasal cavity
nose
orbital cavity
eyes
middle ear cavity
middle ear
synovial cavity
joints (between neck vertebrae)
anatomical position
subject has feet on floor and toes and palms pointed facing forward
REFERENCE TO THE SUBJECT NOT THE VIEWER
sagittal planes
produce lateral sections (left and right)
transverse planes
produce superior (upper) and interior (lower) sections
frontal (coronal) planes
produce anterior (front) and posterior (back) sections
