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Human Biology > Chapter 4 – Organization And Regulation Of Body Systems > Flashcards

Chapter 4 – Organization And Regulation Of Body Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What is a tissue?

A

A collection of cells of the same type that perform a common function.

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2
Q

What are the four major types of tissue in the body?

A

Connective, muscular, nervous, epithelial

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3
Q

Connective tissue

A

Binds and supports parts of the body.

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4
Q

Fibrous connective tissue

A

There are two types: dense and loose, but both contain fibroblast cells with a matrix of collagen and elastic fibers

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5
Q

Supportive connective tissue

A

Cartilage and bone are the two main support of connective tissue’s.

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6
Q

Cartilage

A

The cells lie in small Chambers called Lacunae, separated by a solid, yet flexible, matrix.

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7
Q

Hyaline cartilage

A

Contains only find collagen fibers; most common.example; nose, ends of long bones, and fetal skeleton.

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8
Q

Elastic cartilage

A

Has more elastic fibers then hyaline cartilage does. Example; the outer ear.

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9
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

Has a matrix containing strong collagen fibers. Example; disks between vertebrae.

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10
Q

Bone

A

The most rigid connective tissue. Cells are in chambers called Lacunae.

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11
Q

What are the two types of bones distinguished by the types of fibers?

A

Compact – makes up the shaft of a long bone. Consist of osteons.

Spongy – and open latticework with irregular spaces, located at ends of long bones.

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12
Q

What are the two types of fluid connective tissue?

A

Blood and lymph.

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13
Q

Blood

A

Made of a fluid matrix called plasma and cellular components that are called formed elements.

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14
Q

What are the three formed elements?

A

– Red blood cells (Erythrocytes)
– White blood cells (leukocytes)
– Platelets (thrombocytes)

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15
Q

Lymph

A

Is a fluid connective tissue. Clear sometimes yellow fluid derived from the fluids surrounding the tissues. White blood cells congregate in lymph nodes.

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16
Q

Muscle tissue

A

Allows for movement in the body.

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17
Q

Three types of muscle tissue

A

Skeletal, smooth, cardiac.

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18
Q

Skeletal muscle tissue

A

Pulls in one direction. Nature: voluntary movement.

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19
Q

Smooth muscle tissue

A

Pulls in different directions. Nature: involuntary movement.

Example – Peristalsis (wavelike movement in digestive tract)

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20
Q

Cardiac muscle tissue

A

Pulls in one direction (2 directions).

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21
Q

Nervous tissue

A

Allows for communication between cells through sensory input, interrogation of data, and motor output.

22
Q

Neurons

A

Made of dendrites, a cell body and an axon

23
Q

Dendrites

A

Carry information towards the cell body

24
Q

Axons

A

Carry information away from the cell body

25
Q

Neurogila

A

A collection of cells that support and nourish neutrons. 10 times more neuroglia cells in the brain then actual nerve cells.

26
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

Is either simple or stratified

27
Q

Simple

A

One layer of cells

28
Q

Psuedostratified

A

Appears to have multiple layers but only has one

29
Q

Stratified

A

More than one layer of cells

30
Q

What are the three shapes of cells?

A
  • cyboidal (cube shaped)
  • columnar (column shaped)
  • squamous (flattened)
31
Q

Integumentary system

A

Organ system consisting of skin and structures such as nails.

32
Q

What are the two regions of the skin?

A

Epidermis and dermis

33
Q

Epidermis

A

Thin, outermost layer of the skin made of epithelial tissue.

34
Q

Langerhans cells

A

Are macrophages

35
Q

Melanocytes

A

Produce melanin

36
Q

Basal cell carcinoma

A

Most common yet least deadly form of skin cancer

37
Q

Melanoma

A

Most deadly form of skin cancer but is the least common

38
Q

Dermis

A

The thick, inner layer of the skin

39
Q

Nails

A

Protective covering of the distal part of fingers and toes collectively called digits.

40
Q

Hair follicles

A

Begin at the bulb in the dermis and continue through the epidermis, where the hair shaft extends beyond the skin

41
Q

Oil glands

A

Are associated with hair and produce sebrum that lubricates the hair and skin and retards bacterial growth.

42
Q

Sweat glands

A

Are derived from the dermis and help to regulate body temperature

43
Q

Mucous membranes

A

Lines the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive systems.

44
Q

Serous membranes

A

Line and support the Longs, the heart, and the abdominal cavity and it’s internal organs.

45
Q

Pleura

46
Q

Peritoneum

A

Abdominal cavity and organs

47
Q

Pericardium

48
Q

Synovial membranes

A

Line the cavities of freely movable joints

49
Q

Meninges

A

Membranes within the dorsal cavity

50
Q

Homeostasis

A

The ability to maintain a relatively constant internal environment in the body

51
Q

Negative feedback

A

The primary homeostatic mechanism that keeps a variable close to particular value.

52
Q

Positive feedback

A

A mechanism that brings about increasing change in the same direction

Human Biology (4 decks)

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