Chapter 4 – Organization And Regulation Of Body Systems

Question 1

What is a tissue?

Answer 1

A collection of cells of the same type that perform a common function.

Question 2

What are the four major types of tissue in the body?

Answer 2

Connective, muscular, nervous, epithelial

Question 3

Connective tissue

Answer 3

Binds and supports parts of the body.

Question 4

Fibrous connective tissue

Answer 4

There are two types: dense and loose, but both contain fibroblast cells with a matrix of collagen and elastic fibers

Question 5

Supportive connective tissue

Answer 5

Cartilage and bone are the two main support of connective tissue’s.

Question 6

Cartilage

Answer 6

The cells lie in small Chambers called Lacunae, separated by a solid, yet flexible, matrix.

Question 7

Hyaline cartilage

Answer 7

Contains only find collagen fibers; most common.example; nose, ends of long bones, and fetal skeleton.

Question 8

Elastic cartilage

Answer 8

Has more elastic fibers then hyaline cartilage does. Example; the outer ear.

Question 9

Fibrocartilage

Answer 9

Has a matrix containing strong collagen fibers. Example; disks between vertebrae.

Question 10

Bone

Answer 10

The most rigid connective tissue. Cells are in chambers called Lacunae.

Question 11

What are the two types of bones distinguished by the types of fibers?

Answer 11

Compact – makes up the shaft of a long bone. Consist of osteons.

Spongy – and open latticework with irregular spaces, located at ends of long bones.

Question 12

What are the two types of fluid connective tissue?

Answer 12

Blood and lymph.

Question 13

Blood

Answer 13

Made of a fluid matrix called plasma and cellular components that are called formed elements.

Question 14

What are the three formed elements?

Answer 14

– Red blood cells (Erythrocytes)
– White blood cells (leukocytes)
– Platelets (thrombocytes)

Question 15

Lymph

Answer 15

Is a fluid connective tissue. Clear sometimes yellow fluid derived from the fluids surrounding the tissues. White blood cells congregate in lymph nodes.

Question 16

Muscle tissue

Answer 16

Allows for movement in the body.

Question 17

Three types of muscle tissue

Answer 17

Skeletal, smooth, cardiac.

Question 18

Skeletal muscle tissue

Answer 18

Pulls in one direction. Nature: voluntary movement.

Question 19

Smooth muscle tissue

Answer 19

Pulls in different directions. Nature: involuntary movement.

Example – Peristalsis (wavelike movement in digestive tract)

Question 20

Cardiac muscle tissue

Answer 20

Pulls in one direction (2 directions).

Question 21

Nervous tissue

Answer 21

Allows for communication between cells through sensory input, interrogation of data, and motor output.

Question 22

Neurons

Answer 22

Made of dendrites, a cell body and an axon

Question 23

Dendrites

Answer 23

Carry information towards the cell body

Question 24

Axons

Answer 24

Carry information away from the cell body

Question 25

Neurogila

Answer 25

A collection of cells that support and nourish neutrons. 10 times more neuroglia cells in the brain then actual nerve cells.

Question 26

Epithelial tissue

Answer 26

Is either simple or stratified

Question 27

Simple

Answer 27

One layer of cells

Question 28

Psuedostratified

Answer 28

Appears to have multiple layers but only has one

Question 29

Stratified

Answer 29

More than one layer of cells

Question 30

What are the three shapes of cells?

Answer 30

• cyboidal (cube shaped)
• columnar (column shaped)
• squamous (flattened)

Question 31

Integumentary system

Answer 31

Organ system consisting of skin and structures such as nails.

Question 32

What are the two regions of the skin?

Answer 32

Epidermis and dermis

Question 33

Epidermis

Answer 33

Thin, outermost layer of the skin made of epithelial tissue.

Question 34

Langerhans cells

Answer 34

Are macrophages

Question 35

Melanocytes

Answer 35

Produce melanin

Question 36

Basal cell carcinoma

Answer 36

Most common yet least deadly form of skin cancer

Question 37

Melanoma

Answer 37

Most deadly form of skin cancer but is the least common

Question 38

Dermis

Answer 38

The thick, inner layer of the skin

Question 39

Nails

Answer 39

Protective covering of the distal part of fingers and toes collectively called digits.

Question 40

Hair follicles

Answer 40

Begin at the bulb in the dermis and continue through the epidermis, where the hair shaft extends beyond the skin

Question 41

Oil glands

Answer 41

Are associated with hair and produce sebrum that lubricates the hair and skin and retards bacterial growth.

Question 42

Sweat glands

Answer 42

Are derived from the dermis and help to regulate body temperature

Question 43

Mucous membranes

Answer 43

Lines the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive systems.

Question 44

Serous membranes

Answer 44

Line and support the Longs, the heart, and the abdominal cavity and it’s internal organs.

Question 45

Pleura

Answer 45

Lungs

Question 46

Peritoneum

Answer 46

Abdominal cavity and organs

Question 47

Pericardium

Answer 47

The heart

Question 48

Synovial membranes

Answer 48

Line the cavities of freely movable joints

Question 49

Meninges

Answer 49

Membranes within the dorsal cavity

Question 50

Homeostasis

Answer 50

The ability to maintain a relatively constant internal environment in the body

Question 51

Negative feedback

Answer 51

The primary homeostatic mechanism that keeps a variable close to particular value.

Question 52

Positive feedback

Answer 52

A mechanism that brings about increasing change in the same direction