chapter 4 nutrition and metabolism

Question 1

metabolism

Answer 1

all chem processes that occur within a cell

Question 2

catabolism

Answer 2

process of breaking down chemicals to release energy or to produce chemical precursors
- energy yielding
- generates energy through broken bonds

Question 3

anabolism

Answer 3

process of biochemical synthesis of cell material (e.g. monomers to form polymers)
- energy requiring
- think of anabolic steroids; “getting bigger and bulkier”

Question 4

anabolic classes

Answer 4

• autotrophs
• heterotrophs

Question 5

autotrophs

Answer 5

• organisms synthesize all organic compounds from CO2 as sole carbon source
• inorganic CO2 –> organic H2CO
• make their own organic carbons

Question 6

heterotrophs

Answer 6

organisms not able to synthesize organic compounds from CO2, must use reduced organic compounds as precursors for biosynthesis

Question 7

catabolic classes

Answer 7

• phototrophs
• chemoorganotrophs
• chemolithotrophs

Question 8

phototrophs

Answer 8

light as energy source

Question 9

chemoorganotrophs

Answer 9

organic chemicals as an energy source

Question 10

chemolithotrophs

Answer 10

inorganic chemicals as energy source

Question 11

macronutrients (needed in large amounts)

Answer 11

• carbon
• hydrogen
• oxygen
• nitrogen
• phosphorous
• sulfur
• potassium
• magnesium
• sodium
• calcium
• iron

Question 12

micronutrients (used in enzymatic processes)

Answer 12

• cobalt
• copper
• manganese
• molybdenum
• nickel
• selenium
• tungsten
• vanadium
• zinc
• iron

Question 13

growth factors

Answer 13

“de novo” - when chemical is made from scratch
- precursors: amino acids, purines, pyrimidines
- vitamins: most function as parts of enzyme; Thiamine (B1), Biotin, Pyridoxine (B6), Cobalamin (B12)