Chapter 4 Nutrient role in Bioenergies Flashcards
Phosphorylation
Energy transfer through phosphate bond
Define Cytochromes
Iron-protein electron carriers
How much energy in kcal is available in 1 mol of ATP?
1 Mol ATP —> ADP + P + 7.3 Kcal
As exercise intensity gets high, what happens when pyruvate accepts additional H+ atoms
Lactate
Most of the energy for ATP phosphorylation comes from __________ of carbohydrate, lipid, and Protein consumed.
Oxidiation
The amount of energy available from intramuscular ATP and PCr can provide energy for how long?
5-8 seconds.
_____ is an intracellular mediator that activates Lipase to regulate fat breakdown
Cyclic AMP
What does citric acid cycle do?
Degrade Acetyl CoA substrate to CO2 and H atoms
Why does protein hydrolysis cause the water intake requirement to increase?
Because water is used to split bonds in hydrolysis, hence using up water during protein breakdown.
Oxidative Phosphorylation
synthesizes ATP by transferring electrons from NADH and FADH2 to oxygen.
More than 90% ATP synthesis occurs with this reaction.
Think of waterfall cascade.
Name 3 conditions required for continual resynthesis of ATP during oxidative phosphorylation
- Availability of reducing agent NADH or FADH2 in the tissues
- Presence of an oxidizing agent (oxygen) in the tissues
- Sufficient concentration of enzymes and mitochondria in the tissues to endure that energy transfer reaction proceed at their appropriate rate
____________ is known as the energy currency
Adenosine Triphosphate ( ATP)
Creatine Phosphate (PCr) compound
Releases large amounts of energy when the bond splits between creatine and phosphate molecules
