Chapter 1 Macronutrients Flashcards
Name 3 sources of energy
Carbohydrate
Protein
Lipid ( fat)
Glucogenesis
metabolic pathway that synthesizes glucose by breaking down glycogen
Glucose
A monosaccharide. (blood sugar or dextrose)
Occurs naturally in food.
Digestion of complex carbohydrates produces glucose.
A hexose sugar molecule.
Frutcose
Large amounts found in fruits, honey. ( fruit sugar or levulose)
4% of energy intake.
hexose monosaccharide.
Name 3 nutritionally important hexose monosaccharides
Fructose
Glucose
Galactose
Galactose
(lactose)
A monosaccharide.
Forms milk sugar in mammary glands of lactating animals.
In the body, galactose converts glucose for energy metabolism.
Where are glucose and fructose absorbed?
In the small intestine.
Name 3 functions glucose provides.
- Use directly by cells for energy.
- Stored as glycogen in the muscles and the liver for later use.
- Converted to fat and stored for energy.
_______ + ________= Sucrose
Glucose + Fructose
________ + _______ = Lactose
Glucose + Galactose
_____ + ___ = Maltose
Glucose + Glucose
Name 3 categories of nutritional significant disaccharides
Surcose
Lactose
Maltose
Where is sucrose found in food?
25% of calories intake.
beets, cane sugar, honey, maple syrup, and on.
Where is lactose found in food?
Found in milk ( natural form)
Can be artificially processed and found in high calories, carbohydrate rich liquid meals.
Where is maltose found in food?
Maltose can be found in beer, cereals and germinating seed.
Small contribution to carbohydrate content of our diet.
What is lactose intolerance?
Lack of lactase that splits lactose into glucose and galactose during digestion.
Glycosidic bond
The bond that links monosaccharides together and become polysaccharides.
Glycogen
The storage polysaccharide found in mammalian liver and muscles.
Glucogenesis
Metabolic pathway that synthesize glucose by breaking down glycogen ( stored polysaccharides found in animal muscles and liver)
Phosphatase enzyme
Enzyme that controls the reconvert of liver glycogen to glucose for transport via blood to the muscles.
Name two reasons that cause an increase in triacylglycerol synthesis
- Increased blood levels of fatty acids and glucose from food absorption
- A relatively high level of circulating insulin, which facilitates triacyglyercol synthesis
Chylomicrons
a droplet of fat present in blood or lymph after absorption from the small intestine
Name 4 important functions of lipids in the body
- Energy reserve
- Protection of vital organs
- Thermal Insulation
- Transport medium for fat soluble vitamins and hunger suppressor
