Chapter 1 Macronutrients

Question 0

Name 3 sources of energy

Answer 0

Carbohydrate

Protein

Lipid ( fat)

Question 1

Glucogenesis

Answer 1

metabolic pathway that synthesizes glucose by breaking down glycogen

Question 2

Glucose

Answer 2

A monosaccharide. (blood sugar or dextrose)

Occurs naturally in food.

Digestion of complex carbohydrates produces glucose.

A hexose sugar molecule.

Question 3

Frutcose

Answer 3

Large amounts found in fruits, honey. ( fruit sugar or levulose)

4% of energy intake.

hexose monosaccharide.

Question 4

Name 3 nutritionally important hexose monosaccharides

Answer 4

Fructose

Glucose

Galactose

Question 5

Galactose

Answer 5

(lactose)

A monosaccharide.

Forms milk sugar in mammary glands of lactating animals.

In the body, galactose converts glucose for energy metabolism.

Question 6

Where are glucose and fructose absorbed?

Answer 6

In the small intestine.

Question 7

Name 3 functions glucose provides.

Answer 7

1. Use directly by cells for energy.
2. Stored as glycogen in the muscles and the liver for later use.
3. Converted to fat and stored for energy.

Question 8

_______ + ________= Sucrose

Answer 8

Glucose + Fructose

Question 9

________ + _______ = Lactose

Answer 9

Glucose + Galactose

Question 10

_____ + ___ = Maltose

Answer 10

Glucose + Glucose

Question 11

Name 3 categories of nutritional significant disaccharides

Answer 11

Surcose

Lactose

Maltose

Question 12

Where is sucrose found in food?

Answer 12

25% of calories intake.

beets, cane sugar, honey, maple syrup, and on.

Question 13

Where is lactose found in food?

Answer 13

Found in milk ( natural form)

Can be artificially processed and found in high calories, carbohydrate rich liquid meals.

Question 14

Where is maltose found in food?

Answer 14

Maltose can be found in beer, cereals and germinating seed.

Small contribution to carbohydrate content of our diet.

Question 15

What is lactose intolerance?

Answer 15

Lack of lactase that splits lactose into glucose and galactose during digestion.

Question 16

Glycosidic bond

Answer 16

The bond that links monosaccharides together and become polysaccharides.

Question 17

Glycogen

Answer 17

The storage polysaccharide found in mammalian liver and muscles.

Question 18

Glucogenesis

Answer 18

Metabolic pathway that synthesize glucose by breaking down glycogen ( stored polysaccharides found in animal muscles and liver)

Question 19

Phosphatase enzyme

Answer 19

Enzyme that controls the reconvert of liver glycogen to glucose for transport via blood to the muscles.

Question 20

Name two reasons that cause an increase in triacylglycerol synthesis

Answer 20

1. Increased blood levels of fatty acids and glucose from food absorption
2. A relatively high level of circulating insulin, which facilitates triacyglyercol synthesis

Question 21

Chylomicrons

Answer 21

a droplet of fat present in blood or lymph after absorption from the small intestine

Question 22

Name 4 important functions of lipids in the body

Answer 22

1. Energy reserve
2. Protection of vital organs
3. Thermal Insulation
4. Transport medium for fat soluble vitamins and hunger suppressor