Chapter 4 - Normality and Neurodiversity

Question 1

Define Typical Development

Answer 1

When skills and abilities fall within the expected range when compared to others

Question 2

Define Typical Behaviours

Answer 2

patterns of behaviours or actions that are expected or acceptable for a specific situation.

Question 3

Define Atypical Behaviour

Answer 3

when skills and abilities progress at a different pace or fall outside the expected range when conpared to others.

Question 4

Define Normality

Answer 4

The state of having thoughts, feelings and behaviours considered common and acceptable.

Question 5

Define Abnormal

Answer 5

The state of deviating from the norm

Question 6

What are the 5 approaches to normality?

Answer 6

Functional Approach
Socio-cultural Approach
Statistical Approach
Historical Approach
Situational Approach

Question 7

Define Adaptive

Answer 7

Being able to adjust to the environment appropriately and function effectively.

Question 8

Define Maladaptive

Answer 8

Being unable to adjust to the environment appropriately and function effectively.

Question 9

What are adaptive and maladaptive behaviours often catagorised as? Give an example of each.

Answer 9

Cognitive (thoughts):

Adaptive - Aknowledging mistakes are part of learning.

Maladaptive - Self Doubt

Emotional (feelings):

Adaptive - Fearing an angry dog

Maladaptive - Any emotion that is intense, overwhelming, long lasting and dysfunctional.

Behavioural (actions):

Adaptive - Going to school

Maladaptive - Nail Biting

Question 10

Define Neurotypical

Answer 10

A term used to describe individual who display neurological and cognitive functions.

Question 11

Define Neurodiverse

Answer 11

Variations in neurological development and functioning, such as those experienced by individuals with autism or ADHD.

Question 12

Define Neurodivergent

Answer 12

Individuals who have a variation in neurological development and functioning.

Question 13

What is Autism Spectrum Disorder?

Answer 13

a persistant neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by symptoms evident from early childhood.

Question 14

How do you determine the severity of Autism?

Answer 14

Depending on the severity of symptoms (mild, moderate, severe) relating to social communication impairments and restrictive repetitive patterns of behaviour determines where they would be placed.

Question 15

Name 3 biological rick factors for Autism.

Answer 15

• Genetic mutations
• very low birth weight
• advanced parental age (45+)

Question 16

Universal traits of Autism (6)

Answer 16

• Repetitive Behaviour, interests or activities
• Social communication deficits
• Hyper or hyporeactivity to sensory imput
• Fixated interests considered abnormal.
• Attachment to sameness routines and bahaviour.
• Difficulty in relationship development and maintenence.

Question 17

What are the 3 cognitive variations? Define each one.

Answer 17

Theory of Mind:
Allows us to make judgements about other peoples mental states.

Executive Function:
Process that helps to set goals, organise and plan, focus attention and get things done.

Central Coherance:
Ability to derive overall meaning from a mass of details.