5B - The hindbrain, midbrain, forebrain and cerebral cortex Flashcards

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1
Q

Cerebellum (Hindbrain) - Functions and Damage

A

Functions:
- receives commands from the cerebral cortex
- The cerebellum is involved in coordinating movement and balance.
- creates muscle memory, e.g. movements
required to ride a bike

Damage:
- lead to issues with balance, loss of muscle coordination and
challenges detecting visual motion

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2
Q

Medulla (Hindbrain) - Functions and Damage

A

Functions:
- control centre for many autonomic
functions e.g. heart rate, breathing,
swallowing, vomiting

Damage:
- can cause death or severe health problems

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3
Q

Pons (Hindbrain) - Functions

A

Functions:
- transmit signals between your forebrain and cerebellum
- involved in sleep, facial expression and
hearing

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4
Q

What is the Forebrain and what does it consist of?

A

The largest part of the brain
- Made up of the cerebrum, thalamus, hypothalamus, pineal
gland and the limbic system.

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5
Q

Hypothalamus - Functions, location and Damage.

A

produces hormones that control:
- Body temperature
- Heart rate
- Hunger

Located in the Forebrain.

Damage:

can lead to issues with:
- body temperature
- continuing to feel hunger after
eating
- problems sleeping
- changes in sex drive

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6
Q

What is the Cerebrum (Forebrain), what is it responsible for and what does it consist of?

A

-The cerebrum is the front part of the brain.

  • It has a right and left hemisphere.

The cerebrum initiates and coordinates movement and regulates temperature.

Other areas of the cerebrum enable speech, judgment, thinking and reasoning, problem-solving, emotions and learning.

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7
Q

Define What is the Cerebral Cortex, where its located and it’s functions.

A
  • Thin layer of neurons that covers the outer region of the cerebrum
  • It is located in the forebrain

Functions:
- memory
- thinking
- learning
- reasoning
- problem-solving
- emotions
- consciousness
- sensory functions.

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8
Q

What are the 3 areas of the cerebral cortex?

A
  • Sensory areas receive and process sensory information
  • Motor areas initiate voluntary movement
  • Association areas link and coordinate the sensory and motor areas.
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9
Q

Left Cerebral Hemisphere functions

A
  • Sensory stimulus of the right side of the body.
  • Motor controls of the right side of the body.
  • Speech, Language and comprehension.
  • Analysis and Calculations
  • Time and Sequencing
  • Recognition of words, letters and numbers.
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10
Q

Right Cerebral Hemisphere functions

A
  • Sensory stimulus of the left side of the body.
  • Motor controls of the left side of the body.
  • Creativity
  • Spatial Ability
  • Context / Perception
  • Recognition of places, faces and objects.
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11
Q

What are the 4 cortical lobes

A

Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital

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12
Q

Frontal Lobe - where its located, what it is, important in…, consists of…

A
  • Largest lobe and is located in the most front area of the brain.
  • Important in planning, sequencing
    and execution of voluntary motor
    activity
  • Consists of 3 areas: prefrontal cortex,
    premotor cortex and primary motor
    cortex
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13
Q

Prefrontal cortex - what it’s involved in and where its located (Area).

A
  • Assosiation Area of the Frontal Lobe

involved in PLANNING the required motor
sequence to carry out:
- voluntary movement
- reasoning
- problem-solving
- emotional regulation
- attention
- symbolic thinking
- initiating and inhibiting behaviours.

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14
Q

Premotor cortex

A

prepares the sequences of movements and sends this to the primary motor cortex

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15
Q

Primary motor cortex

A

sends neural messages to muscles and undertakes
voluntary movement.

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16
Q

Broca’s area - Location & Damage

A
  • located in the frontal lobe of the left hemisphere
  • contributes to clear and fluent speech

Damage:
- Broca’s Aphasia - Difficulty in producing speech and forming words.

17
Q

Temporal Lobe and functions

A

Functions:
-recieves and processes sounds from the ears
- memory
- emotional responses to sensory information
- some visual perception, such as ability to recognise faces and
identify objects

18
Q

Primary auditory cortex - location and functions

A
  • perceives sound and determines high or low pitch.
  • Located in the Temporal Lobe
19
Q

Wernicke’s area, Location & Damage:

A
  • located in the left temporal lobe
  • helps us to understand words we are hearing

Damage:
- Wernicke’s Aphasia - Difficulty in comprehending speech and producing meaningful sentences.

20
Q

Parietal lobe - what it contains and functions

A

Functions:
- receives and processes sensory input such as:
- touch
- pressure
- heat
- cold
- pain

  • contains the primary somatosensory cortex
21
Q

Primary somatosensory cortex - functions and location.

A
  • Located in the Parietal Lobe
  • receives and process sensory information including:
  • temperature
  • proprioception (position of body in space)
  • touch
  • texture
  • pain
22
Q

skip

A

.

23
Q

Occipital Lobe Functions

A

Functions:
- Plays a crucial role in vision

24
Q

Primary visual cortex:

A
  • receives and processes information from visual sensory receptors
25
Q

Aphasia

A

Wernicke’s Aphasia - Difficulty in comprehending speech and producing meaningful sentences.

Broca’s Aphasia - Difficulty in producing speech and forming words.