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Medical Terminology > Chapter 4 Muscular System > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Muscular System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

-cele

A

Hernia, tumor, swelling

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2
Q

Fascia

A

And a connective tissue that envelops separate or binds together muscles or groups of muscles

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3
Q

Skeletal muscles/voluntary muscle/striated muscles

A

Attached to the bones of the skeleton and make body motions possible

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4
Q

Smooth/involuntary/unstriated/visceral muscle

A

Located in the walls of internal organs under the control of autonomic nervous system

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5
Q

Mycardial muscles/myocardium/cardiac muscle

A

Funny muscular walls of the heart, striated in appearance

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6
Q

Muscle innervation

A

The stimulation of a muscle by impulse transmitted by a motor nerve

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7
Q

Abduction

A

Movement of a limb away from the midline of the body

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8
Q

Adduction

A

Movement of a limb toward the midline of the body

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9
Q

Flexion

A

Decreasing the angle between two bones by bending a limb at a joint

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10
Q

Extension

A

Increasing the angle between two bones or the straightening out of a limb

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11
Q

Supination

A

Active rotating the arm or the legs at the palm of the hand or foot is turned forward or upward

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12
Q

Pronation

A

After rotating the arm or leg so that the palm of the hand or soul of the foot is turn downWard or backward

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13
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Movement that been so for upward at the ankle

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14
Q

Plantar flexion

A

Movement that bends the foot downword at the ankle

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15
Q

Oblique

A

Slanted or at an angle

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16
Q

Rectus

A

And straight alignment with the vertical axis of the body

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17
Q

Sphincter

A

Ring like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway

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18
Q

Transverse

A

In a crosswise direction

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19
Q

Frontalis

A

Muscle in the forehead it raises and lowers eyebrows

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20
Q

Temporalis

A

Muscle moves the lower jaw up and back to close the mouth

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21
Q

Masseter

A

Move the lower jaw up to close the mouth and chewing

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22
Q

Pectoralis major

A

Makes up the bulk of the chest muscles lies under the breast

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23
Q

External oblique

A

Found in the abdomen flex and rotate the vertebral column flex the torso and compress the abdomen

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24
Q

Internal oblique muscles

A

I found in the abdomen muscles flex the spine support the abdomen contents, help breathe and rotate the spine

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25
Q

Rectus abdominus

A

Helps flush the trunk assist and breathing and supports the spine

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26
Q

Transverse abdominis

A

Located on the side of the abdomen core muscle is engagement a person laughed or coughs

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27
Q

Deltoid

A

Forms the muscular cap of the shoulder

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28
Q

Trapezius

A

Muscle moves the head and shoulder blade

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29
Q

Biceps Brachii

A

Located in the anterior upper arm flexes the elbow

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30
Q

Triceps brachii

A

Located in the posterior upper arm extends the elbow

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31
Q

Rectus femoris

A

Extends the leg at the knee

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32
Q

Quadriceps femoris

A

Made it before muscles flex and extend the leg at the knee

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33
Q

Hamstring group

A

Involved and knee flexion and hip extension

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34
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

The calf muscle that flexes the knee and Bends the foot downward

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35
Q

Exercise physiologist

A

Specialist she works under the supervision of a physician to develop implement and coordinate exercise programs and administer medical test to promote physical fitness

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36
Q

Neurologist

A

Physician who specializes in treating the causes of paralysis and similar muscular disorder in which there is a loss of function

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37
Q

Occupational therapist

A

Helps enable patient to participate in the activities of daily life

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38
Q

Physiatrist

A

Physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation with the focus on restoring function

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39
Q

Physical therapist

A

Provide treatment to prevent disability or restore function with the use of exercise heat massage or other techniques

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40
Q

Sports medicine physician

A

Specializes in treating sports related injuries of the bones joints and muscles

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41
Q

Fasciitis

A

Inflammation of the fascia

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42
Q

Tenosynovitis

A

Inflammation of the sheath surrounding the tendon

43
Q

Tendinitis

A

Inflammation of the tendons caused by unusual or excessive use

44
Q

Adhesion

A

Band of Fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally

45
Q

Atrophy

A

Weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures

46
Q

Myalgia

A

Tenderness or pain in the muscles

47
Q

Myocele

A

Herniation of muscle substance through a tear and the facia surrounding it

48
Q

Myolysis

A

Degeneration of muscle tissue

49
Q

Myorrhexis

A

Rupture or tearing of a muscle

50
Q

Polymyositis

A

Muscle disease characterized by the simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body

51
Q

Rhabdomyolysis

A

Death of muscle fibers release their contents into the bloodstream where they can lead to complications such as renal failure

52
Q

Sarcopenia

A

loss of muscle mass strength and function that come with aging

53
Q

Atonic

A

Means like a normal muscle tone or strength

54
Q

Dystonia

A

Condition of our normal muscle tone that causes the impairment a voluntary muscle movement

55
Q

Hypotonia

A

A condition in which there is diminished tone of skeletal muscle

56
Q

Ataxia

A

Lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement

57
Q

Contracture

A

Permit tightening officio muscles tendons ligaments or scan that occurs when normal elastic connective tissues are replace with non-elastic Fibrous tissues

58
Q

Intermittent claudication

A

Pain in the leg muscles that occur during exercise and is relieved by rest due to poor circulation

59
Q

Myoclonus

A

Quick involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles

60
Q

Torticollis

A

Stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles

61
Q

Bradykinesia

A

Extreme slowness in movement

62
Q

Dyskinesia

A

Distortion or impairment a voluntary movement resulting in fragmented or jerky movements

63
Q

Hyperkinesia

A

Abnormal increase muscle function or activity

64
Q

Myasthenia gravis

A

Chronic autoimmune disease that affects neuromuscular junction This is serious weakness of voluntary muscles

65
Q

Muscular dystrophy

A

Characterized by progressive weakness and duration of the shelter muscles that control movement without affecting the nervous system

66
Q

Compartment syndrome

A

Compression of nerves and blood vessels due to swelling within the compartment

67
Q

Myofascial pain syndrome

A

Chronic pain disorder that affects muscles and facia throughout the body

68
Q

Impingement syndrome

A

Occurs when inflamed and swollen tendon’s are caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joint

69
Q

Rotator cuff tendinitis

A

Inflammation of the tendons of the rotator cuff

70
Q

Ruptured Rotator cuff

A

When rotator cuff tendinitis is left untreated or if the overuse continues

71
Q

Ganglion cyst

A

Harmless fluid filled swelling that occurs most commonly on the outer surface of the wrist

72
Q

Epicondylitis

A

Inflammation of the tissue surrounding the elbow

73
Q

Sprain

A

When a ligament is Wrenched or torn

74
Q

Strain

A

Overuse injuries that involve a stretched or torn muscle or tendon attachment

75
Q

Shin splint

A

Muscle tearing away from the tibia

76
Q

Hamstring injury

A

Can be a strain or tear on any of the three hamstring muscles that straighten the hip and bend the knee

77
Q

Iliotibial Band syndrome

A

Runs from the hip bone diagonally across the leg to the tibia caused by this band rubbing against the bone often in the area of the knee

78
Q

Myoparesis

A

Weakness or slight muscular paralysis

79
Q

Hemiparesis

A

Slight paralysis on one side of the body

80
Q

Hemiplegia

A

Total paralysis affecting only one side

81
Q

Paraplegia

A

The paralysis of both legs in the lower part of the body

82
Q

Quadriplegia

A

Paralysis of all four extremities

83
Q

Deep tendon reflexes

A

Tested with a reflex hammer that is used to Strike a tendon

84
Q

Range of motion testing

A

Diagnostic procedure to evaluate joint mobility and muscular strength

85
Q

Electromyography

A

Diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity with my fibers in response to nerve stimulation

86
Q

Muscle biopsy

A

Involves removal of a plug of tissue for examination a biopsy needle is commonly used to obtain the specimen

87
Q

Antispasmodic/anticholinergic

A

Administered to suppress smooth muscle contractions of the stomach and intestine or bladder

88
Q

Skeletal muscle relaxant

A

Administered to relax certain muscles in to relieve the stiffness pain and discomfort caused by strains sprains or other muscle injuries. Acts on the central nervous system

89
Q

Neuromuscular blockers/neuromuscular blocking agents

A

A drug that causes temporary paralysis by blocking the transmission of nerve stimulator to the muscles

90
Q

Ergonomics

A

Study of the human factors that affect the design and operation of tools and the work environment

91
Q

Myofascial release

A

Specialize soft tissue manipulation technique used to ease the pain of conditions

92
Q

Therapeutic ultrasound

A

You just high frequency sound waves to treat muscle injuries by generating heat deep within muscle tissue

93
Q

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation

A

Uses a device that delivers electrical impulses through the skin which cause changes in the muscle

94
Q

RICE

A

Rest ice compression and elevation

95
Q

Fasciotomy

A

Surgical incision through the fascia to relieve tension or pressure

96
Q

Fascioplasty

A

Surgical repair of the fascia

97
Q

Tenodious

A

Surgical suturing of the end of at tendon to a bone

98
Q

Tenolysis

A

Release of a tendon from adhesions

99
Q

Tenorrhaphy

A

Surgical suturing together of the divided end of a tendon

100
Q

Tenotomy

A

Surgical incision into a tendon

101
Q

Ultrasound guided percutaneous needle tenotomy

A

Used to treat chronic knee pain by using ultrasound guided needle insertion’s to stimulate scar tissue healing

102
Q

Myorrhaphy

A

Surgical suturing a muscle

103
Q

Myotomy

A

Surgical incision into a muscle

Medical Terminology (6 decks)

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