Chapter 4 Muscular System Flashcards
-cele
Hernia, tumor, swelling
Fascia
And a connective tissue that envelops separate or binds together muscles or groups of muscles
Skeletal muscles/voluntary muscle/striated muscles
Attached to the bones of the skeleton and make body motions possible
Smooth/involuntary/unstriated/visceral muscle
Located in the walls of internal organs under the control of autonomic nervous system
Mycardial muscles/myocardium/cardiac muscle
Funny muscular walls of the heart, striated in appearance
Muscle innervation
The stimulation of a muscle by impulse transmitted by a motor nerve
Abduction
Movement of a limb away from the midline of the body
Adduction
Movement of a limb toward the midline of the body
Flexion
Decreasing the angle between two bones by bending a limb at a joint
Extension
Increasing the angle between two bones or the straightening out of a limb
Supination
Active rotating the arm or the legs at the palm of the hand or foot is turned forward or upward
Pronation
After rotating the arm or leg so that the palm of the hand or soul of the foot is turn downWard or backward
Dorsiflexion
Movement that been so for upward at the ankle
Plantar flexion
Movement that bends the foot downword at the ankle
Oblique
Slanted or at an angle
Rectus
And straight alignment with the vertical axis of the body
Sphincter
Ring like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway
Transverse
In a crosswise direction
Frontalis
Muscle in the forehead it raises and lowers eyebrows
Temporalis
Muscle moves the lower jaw up and back to close the mouth
Masseter
Move the lower jaw up to close the mouth and chewing
Pectoralis major
Makes up the bulk of the chest muscles lies under the breast
External oblique
Found in the abdomen flex and rotate the vertebral column flex the torso and compress the abdomen
Internal oblique muscles
I found in the abdomen muscles flex the spine support the abdomen contents, help breathe and rotate the spine
Rectus abdominus
Helps flush the trunk assist and breathing and supports the spine
Transverse abdominis
Located on the side of the abdomen core muscle is engagement a person laughed or coughs
Deltoid
Forms the muscular cap of the shoulder
Trapezius
Muscle moves the head and shoulder blade
Biceps Brachii
Located in the anterior upper arm flexes the elbow
Triceps brachii
Located in the posterior upper arm extends the elbow
Rectus femoris
Extends the leg at the knee
Quadriceps femoris
Made it before muscles flex and extend the leg at the knee
Hamstring group
Involved and knee flexion and hip extension
Gastrocnemius
The calf muscle that flexes the knee and Bends the foot downward
Exercise physiologist
Specialist she works under the supervision of a physician to develop implement and coordinate exercise programs and administer medical test to promote physical fitness
Neurologist
Physician who specializes in treating the causes of paralysis and similar muscular disorder in which there is a loss of function
Occupational therapist
Helps enable patient to participate in the activities of daily life
Physiatrist
Physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation with the focus on restoring function
Physical therapist
Provide treatment to prevent disability or restore function with the use of exercise heat massage or other techniques
Sports medicine physician
Specializes in treating sports related injuries of the bones joints and muscles
Fasciitis
Inflammation of the fascia
Tenosynovitis
Inflammation of the sheath surrounding the tendon
Tendinitis
Inflammation of the tendons caused by unusual or excessive use
Adhesion
Band of Fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally
Atrophy
Weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures
Myalgia
Tenderness or pain in the muscles
Myocele
Herniation of muscle substance through a tear and the facia surrounding it
Myolysis
Degeneration of muscle tissue
Myorrhexis
Rupture or tearing of a muscle
Polymyositis
Muscle disease characterized by the simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body
Rhabdomyolysis
Death of muscle fibers release their contents into the bloodstream where they can lead to complications such as renal failure
Sarcopenia
loss of muscle mass strength and function that come with aging
Atonic
Means like a normal muscle tone or strength
Dystonia
Condition of our normal muscle tone that causes the impairment a voluntary muscle movement
Hypotonia
A condition in which there is diminished tone of skeletal muscle
Ataxia
Lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement
Contracture
Permit tightening officio muscles tendons ligaments or scan that occurs when normal elastic connective tissues are replace with non-elastic Fibrous tissues
Intermittent claudication
Pain in the leg muscles that occur during exercise and is relieved by rest due to poor circulation
Myoclonus
Quick involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles
Torticollis
Stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles
Bradykinesia
Extreme slowness in movement
Dyskinesia
Distortion or impairment a voluntary movement resulting in fragmented or jerky movements
Hyperkinesia
Abnormal increase muscle function or activity
Myasthenia gravis
Chronic autoimmune disease that affects neuromuscular junction This is serious weakness of voluntary muscles
Muscular dystrophy
Characterized by progressive weakness and duration of the shelter muscles that control movement without affecting the nervous system
Compartment syndrome
Compression of nerves and blood vessels due to swelling within the compartment
Myofascial pain syndrome
Chronic pain disorder that affects muscles and facia throughout the body
Impingement syndrome
Occurs when inflamed and swollen tendon’s are caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joint
Rotator cuff tendinitis
Inflammation of the tendons of the rotator cuff
Ruptured Rotator cuff
When rotator cuff tendinitis is left untreated or if the overuse continues
Ganglion cyst
Harmless fluid filled swelling that occurs most commonly on the outer surface of the wrist
Epicondylitis
Inflammation of the tissue surrounding the elbow
Sprain
When a ligament is Wrenched or torn
Strain
Overuse injuries that involve a stretched or torn muscle or tendon attachment
Shin splint
Muscle tearing away from the tibia
Hamstring injury
Can be a strain or tear on any of the three hamstring muscles that straighten the hip and bend the knee
Iliotibial Band syndrome
Runs from the hip bone diagonally across the leg to the tibia caused by this band rubbing against the bone often in the area of the knee
Myoparesis
Weakness or slight muscular paralysis
Hemiparesis
Slight paralysis on one side of the body
Hemiplegia
Total paralysis affecting only one side
Paraplegia
The paralysis of both legs in the lower part of the body
Quadriplegia
Paralysis of all four extremities
Deep tendon reflexes
Tested with a reflex hammer that is used to Strike a tendon
Range of motion testing
Diagnostic procedure to evaluate joint mobility and muscular strength
Electromyography
Diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity with my fibers in response to nerve stimulation
Muscle biopsy
Involves removal of a plug of tissue for examination a biopsy needle is commonly used to obtain the specimen
Antispasmodic/anticholinergic
Administered to suppress smooth muscle contractions of the stomach and intestine or bladder
Skeletal muscle relaxant
Administered to relax certain muscles in to relieve the stiffness pain and discomfort caused by strains sprains or other muscle injuries. Acts on the central nervous system
Neuromuscular blockers/neuromuscular blocking agents
A drug that causes temporary paralysis by blocking the transmission of nerve stimulator to the muscles
Ergonomics
Study of the human factors that affect the design and operation of tools and the work environment
Myofascial release
Specialize soft tissue manipulation technique used to ease the pain of conditions
Therapeutic ultrasound
You just high frequency sound waves to treat muscle injuries by generating heat deep within muscle tissue
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
Uses a device that delivers electrical impulses through the skin which cause changes in the muscle
RICE
Rest ice compression and elevation
Fasciotomy
Surgical incision through the fascia to relieve tension or pressure
Fascioplasty
Surgical repair of the fascia
Tenodious
Surgical suturing of the end of at tendon to a bone
Tenolysis
Release of a tendon from adhesions
Tenorrhaphy
Surgical suturing together of the divided end of a tendon
Tenotomy
Surgical incision into a tendon
Ultrasound guided percutaneous needle tenotomy
Used to treat chronic knee pain by using ultrasound guided needle insertion’s to stimulate scar tissue healing
Myorrhaphy
Surgical suturing a muscle
Myotomy
Surgical incision into a muscle
