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Medical Terminology > Chapter 3 Skelatal System > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Skelatal System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Skeletal structure

A

Bones bone marrow cartilage joints ligaments Sanovia membranes synovial fluid and Bursae

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2
Q

Functions

A

Actors framework support and protect internal organs work in conjunction with muscles ligaments and tendons

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3
Q

Ossification

A

Membranes and cartilage start becoming bone

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4
Q

Osteoclasts

A

New bone formation

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5
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Rebuild the bone

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6
Q

Periosteum

A

Tough fibrosis tissue that forms the outermost covering of the bone

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7
Q

Compact bone

A

Cortical bone the dents hard and very strong bond that forms a protective outer layer of bones accounts for 75% of body’s bone matter

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8
Q

Spongy bone

A

Cancelleous bone poorest lighter and weaker than compact bone red marrow is often located within the spongy bone bones with large percentage of spongy bone are weaker

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9
Q

Medullary cavity

A

Central cavity located in the shaft of long bones surrounded by compact bone red and yellow bone marrow are stored

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10
Q

Endosteum

A

Tissue that lines the medullary cavity

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11
Q

Red bone marrow

A

Located within the spongy bone is a Hemopoietic tissue that manufactures red blood cells and hemoglobin white blood cells and thrombocytes

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12
Q

Hemopoietic

A

Pertaining to the formation of blood cells

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13
Q

Yellow bone marrow

A

Functions as a fat storage area compose chiefly of fat cells and is located in the medullary cavity of long bones

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14
Q

Cartilage

A

Smooth rubbery blue white connective tissue that acts as a shock absorber between bones

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15
Q

Articular cartilage

A

Covers the surfaces of bones were they articulate or come together to form joints

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16
Q

Meniscus

A

Curved fibrosis cartilage found in some joints such as the knee

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17
Q

Diaphysis

A

The shaft of a long bone

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18
Q

Epiphyses

A

Wider ends of long bones covered with articular cartilage to protect it

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19
Q

Foramen

A

An opening in A bone through which blood vessels nerves and ligaments pass through

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20
Q

Process

A

Normal projection on the surface of a bone that most commonly serves as an attachment for muscle or tendon

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21
Q

Joints/articulations

A

The place of union between two more bones

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22
Q

Fibrous joint

A

Consisting of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue hold the bones tightly together

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23
Q

Fontanelles/Soft spot

A

Normally present on the school of a newborn

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24
Q

Cartaginous joints

A

Allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage

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25
Q

Pubic symphysis

A

Allow some movement to facilitate childbirth

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26
Q

Synovial joint

A

Created where two bones articulate to permit a variety of motions

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27
Q

Ball and socket joints

A

Allow a wide range of movement in many directions

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28
Q

Hinge joints

A

synovial joints allow movement primarily in one direction or plane

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29
Q

Synovial capsule

A

Outer most layer of strong Fiborous tissue that surrounds the joint

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30
Q

Synovial membrane

A

Lines the capsule and secretes synovial fluid

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31
Q

Synovial fluid

A

Flows within the synovial cavity acts as a lubricant to make this smooth movement of joints

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32
Q

Ligaments

A

Bands of Fiborous tissue that form joints by connecting one bone to another bone or by joining a bone to cartilage

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33
Q

Bursa

A

Fiborous sac the acts as a cushion to each movement in areas that are subject to friction such as the shoulder

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34
Q

Axial skeleton

A

Protects the major organs of the Nervis respiratory and circular system

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35
Q

Axial skeleton contains

A 
The bones of the skull 
bones of the middle ear 
hyoid bone 
the rib cage and 
vertebral column
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36
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

Makes body movement possible and also protects the organs of digestion excretion and reproduction

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37
Q

Upper extremities

A

Shoulders arms forearms wrists and hands

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38
Q

Lower extremities

A

Hips thighs legs ankles and feet

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39
Q

Appendage

A

Anything that is attached to a major part of the body

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40
Q

Appendicular

A

Means referring to an appendage

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41
Q

Extremity

A

The terminal end of a body parts such as an arm or leg

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42
Q

Skull

A

Eight bones that form the cranium 14 bones that form the face and six bones in the middle ear

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43
Q

Frontal bone

A

Anterior position of the cranium that forms the forehead

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44
Q

Parietal bone

A

Two of the large bones of the school together they form most of the roof and upper side of the cranium

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45
Q

Occipital bone

A

Forms the back part of the school and the base of the cranium

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46
Q

Temporal bones

A

Form the sides and base of the cranium

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47
Q

External auditory meatus

A

Opening of the external auditory canal of the outer ear

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48
Q

Sphenoid bone

A

In a regular wedge shaped bone at the base of the skull help us find the base of the cranium beside the school and the floors and sides of the eyesockets

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49
Q

Ethmoid bone

A

White spongy bone located at the roof and sides of the nose

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50
Q

Auditory ossicles

A

Three tiny bones located in the middle ear

These bones are known as the malleus incus and stapes

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51
Q

Nasal bones

A

Upper part of the bridge of the nose

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52
Q

Zygomatic bone/cheekbones

A

Articulate with the frontal bone that makes up the forehead

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53
Q

Maxillary bones

A

For most of the upper jaw also known as the maxillae

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54
Q

Palitine bones

A

Form the anterior part of the hard palate of the mouth and floor of the nose

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55
Q

Lacrimal bones

A

Make a part of the orbit at the inner angle

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56
Q

Inferior Conchae

A

Thin scrolling bones that form part of the interior of the nose

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57
Q

Vomer bone

A

Form the basis for the nasal septum

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58
Q

Mandible/jawbone

A

The only mobile bone of the school attached to the skull at the temporomandibular joint

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59
Q

Thoracic cavity

A

Bony structure that protects the heart and lungs consist of the ribs sternum and upper portion of the spinal column

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60
Q

Ribs/costals

A

12 pairs attached posteriorly to the thoracic vertebrae

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61
Q

True ribs

A

First seven pairs attach Anteriorly to the sternum

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62
Q

False ribs

A

Attached anteriorly to the cartilage that connects them to the sternum

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63
Q

Floating ribs

A

Only attached posteriorly to the vertebrae but are not attached anteriorly

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64
Q

Sternum/breastbone

A

Flat dagger shaped bone located in the middle of the chest

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65
Q

Manubrium

A

Bony structure that forms the upper portion of the sternum

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66
Q

Body of the sternum/gladiolus

A

Bony structure that forms the middle portion of the sternum

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67
Q

Xiphoid process

A

Structure made of cartilage that forms the lower portion of the sternum

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68
Q

Pectoral girdle/Shoulder girdle

A

Supports the arms and hands

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69
Q

Clavicle/collarbone

A

Slender bone that connects the Manda Bram to the sternum to the scapula

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70
Q

Scapula

A

Shoulder blade

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71
Q

Acromion

A

Extension of the scapula That forms the high point of the shoulder

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72
Q

Humerus

A

Bone of the upper arm

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73
Q

Radius

A

Smaller and shorter bone in the forearm

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74
Q

Ulna

A

Larger and longer bone of the forearm

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75
Q

Olecranon process

A

Large protection on the upper end of the ulna this form as a point of the elbow in exposes a Nerve that tingles when it struck

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76
Q

Carpals

A

Eight bones that form the wrist these bones for my narrow Bonnie passage known as the carpal tunnel

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77
Q

Metacarpals

A

Five bones that form the palm of the hand

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78
Q

Phalanges

A

The 14 bones of the fingers

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79
Q

How many bones does each finger have

A

Each of the four fingers has three bones these are distal middle and proximal phalanges

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80
Q

How many bones does the thumb have

A

The thumb has two bones do use are the distal and proximal phalanges

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81
Q

Spinal column/vertebral column

A

Protects the spinal cord and supports the head and body

82
Q

How many vertebrae’s does the spinal column have

A

26 vertebrae

83
Q

Body of the vertebrae

A

The anterior position of the vertebrae is solid to provide strength

84
Q

Lamina

A

The posterior position of the room to bring the transverse in spinous process extend from this area and serve as attachments for muscle and tendons

85
Q

Vertebral foramen

A

The opening in the middle of the vertebrae

86
Q

Intervertebral disks

A

Made of cartilage separate and cushion the vertebrae from each other they act or shock absorbers and allow for movement of the spinal

87
Q

Cervical vertebrae

A

First seven vertebrae they form the neck C1 through C7

88
Q

thoracic vertebrae

A

T1- 12 are the second set of 12 vertebrae each of his vertebrae has a pair of ribs attached to it

89
Q

Lumbar vertebrae

A

L1 through L5 make up the third set of five for bright and together they form the N-word curve of the lower spine largest and strongest of the vertebrae and bear most of the body’s weight

90
Q

Sacrum

A

Lightly curve triangular shaped bone at the base of the spine that forms a lower portion of the back

91
Q

Coccyx

A

Formed the end of the spine and is actually made of four small vertebrae that are fused together

92
Q

Pelvis/Bony pelvis

A

Protection to internal organs and supports the lower extremities

93
Q

Pelvic girdle

A

A cup shaped ring of bone at the lower end of the trunk consisting of the ileum ischium and pubis

94
Q

Ilium

A

Broad blade shaped bone that forms the back and sides of the pubic bone

95
Q

Sacroiliac

A

Slightly movable articulation between the sacrament and posterior portion of the ileum

96
Q

Ischium

A

Forms the lower posterior portion of the pubic bone bears the weight of the body when sitting

97
Q

Pubis

A

Forms of anterior position of the pubic bone which is located just below the urinary bladder

98
Q

Pubic bones

A

The ileum ischiumand pubis are three separate bones that fuse together to form the pubic bone

99
Q

Pubic symphysis

A

Cartilaginous joint that unites the left and right pubic bones

100
Q

Acetabulum

A

Large circular cavity and each side of the pelvis that articulates with the head of the femur to form the hip joint

101
Q

Femurs/thigh bones

A

Largest bones in the body

102
Q

Head of the femur

A

Articulates with the acetabulum (hip socket)

103
Q

Femoral neck

A

The narrow area just below the head of the femur

104
Q

Patella/kneecap

A

Boney anterior portion of the knee

105
Q

Popliteal

A

Describes the posterior space behind me were the ligaments vessels and muscles related to the joints are located

106
Q

Cruciate ligament’s

A

Make movement of the new possible also known as anterior and posterior cruciate ligament’s because they are shaped like a cross

107
Q

Tibia/shinbone

A

Larger anterior weight bearing bone of the lower leg

108
Q

Fibula

A

The smaller of the two bones of the lower leg

109
Q

Ankles

A

Joints that connect the lower leg and foot and make the necessary movements

110
Q

Tarsal bones

A

Each ankle is made up of seven short torso bones these bones are similar to the bones in the wrist except much larger

111
Q

Malleolus

A

Rounded Bonnie projection on the Tabula and fibula on the sides of each ankle joint

112
Q

Talus

A

The ankle bone articulates with the tibia and fibula

113
Q

Calcaneus

A

Largest of the tarsal bones is the heel bone

114
Q

metatarsals

A

Form the part of the foot to which the toes are attached

115
Q

Osteopath

A

Hold a doctor of osteopath degree and use a traditional forms of medical treatment in addition to specializing in treatment health problems to spinal manipulation

116
Q

Chiropractor

A

Holds a doctor of chiropractic degree in specializes in I’m gonna feel of treatment of disorders Originating ffrom misalignment of the spine

117
Q

Orthopedic surgeon/orthopedist

A

Physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders involving the bones joints and muscles

118
Q

Podiatrist

A

Hold a doctor of podiatry or Dr. of pediatric medicine degree and specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the foot

119
Q

Rheumatologist

A

Physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of arthritis and disorders such as osteoporosis fibromyalgia and tendinitis

120
Q

Ankylosis

A

Loss or absence of mobility in a joint due to disease injury or a surgical procedure

121
Q

Adhesive capsulitis

A

Known as frozen shoulder pain, ankylosis of the shoulder

122
Q

Arthrosclerosis

A

Stiffness of the joints especially in the elderly

123
Q

Baker’s cyst/popliteal cyst

A

Fluid filled sac behind the knee

124
Q

Bursitis

A

Inflammation of the bursa

125
Q

Chondromalacia

A

Abnormal softening of cartilage

126
Q

Costochondritis

A

Inflammation of cartilage that attaches a rib to the sternum

127
Q

Hallux valgus/bunion

A

Abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe

128
Q

Hemarthrosis

A

Blood within a joint

129
Q

Polymyalgia rheumatic

A

Inflammatory disorder of the muscles and joints characterized by pain and stiffness in the neck shoulders and upper arms hips and thighs

130
Q

Sprain

A

Occurs when a ligament that connects bone to a joint is wrenched or torn

131
Q

Synovitis

A

Inflammation of the synovial membrane that results in swelling and pain and the effect of joint

132
Q

Dislocation/luxation

A

Total displacement of a bone from its joint

133
Q

Subluxation

A

Partial displacement of a bone from its joint

134
Q

Arthritis

A

Inflammatory condition of one or more joints

135
Q

Osteoarthritis/wear and tear arthritis

A

Most commonly associated with aging

136
Q

Degenerative joint disease

A

Characterized by the wearing away of the articular cartilage with in the joints

137
Q

Osteophytes

A

Bone spurs

138
Q

Spondylosis/Spinal osteoarthritis

A

Can cause the loss of normal spinal structure and function

139
Q

Gout/gouty arthritis

A

Characterized by deposits of uric acid crystals in the joints usually beginning in the big toe joints are typically warm red and sensitive

140
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis

A

Chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some organs of other body systems are attacked

141
Q

Ankylosing spondylitis

A

Form of rumor toward arthritis that primarily causes Inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae

142
Q

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis

A

Auto immune disorder that affects children ages 16 years or younger which symptoms that include stiffness and pain joint swelling skin rash fever so gross

143
Q

Herniated disc/slip/ruptured disc

A

Breaking apart of a intervertebral disc that results in pressure on spinal nerve roots

144
Q

Lumbago/low back pain

A

Pain of the lumbar region of the spine

145
Q

Spondylolisthesis

A

Orange flipping movement of the body of one of the lower lumbar vertebrae on the vertebrate or sacrum below

146
Q

Spina bifida

A

In general the fact that occurs during early pregnancy when the spinal canal feel so close completely around the spinal cord to protect it

147
Q

Kyphosis

A

Abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine

148
Q

Lordosis

A

Abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine

149
Q

Scoliosis

A

Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

150
Q

A vascular necrosis/osteonecrosis

A

An area of bone tissue death caused by insufficient blood flow

151
Q

Craniostenosis

A

Malformation of the school due to premature closure of the cranial sutures

152
Q

Osteitis

A

Information of a bone

153
Q

Osteomalacia/Adult rickets

A

Normal softening of bones and adults

154
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Information of the bone marrow and adjacent bone

155
Q

Pagets disease

A

Chronic bone disease of unknown caused characterized by abnormal breakdown of bone usually in the pelvis school spine and legs

156
Q

Periostitis

A

Inflammation of the periosteum

157
Q

Rickets

A

Deficiency disease occurring in children characterized by defective bone growth resulting from lack of vitamin D

158
Q

Short stature/dwarfism

A

Resulting from failure of bones of the limbs to go to an appropriate length compared to the size of the head and trunk more than 200 different conditions can cause short stature

159
Q

Talipes/club foot

A

I was in a congenital deformity of the foot involving the talus

160
Q

Primary bone cancer

A

Relatively rare malignant tumor that originates in a bone

161
Q

Secondary bone cancer

A

Describes tumors that has metastasize to bones from other organs

162
Q

Myeloma

A

Type of cancer that occurs In blood making cells found in the bone red marrow

163
Q

Osteochondroma

A

Benin bony projection covered with cartilage

164
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Loss of bone density and an increase in porosity

165
Q

Osteopenia

A

Thinner than average bone density

166
Q

Compression fracture/vertebral crush fracture

A

Occurs when a bone is pressed together on itself

167
Q

Colles fracture/fractured wrist

A

This fracture occurs at the lower end of the radius when a person tries to stop a fall by landing on his or her hands

168
Q

Osteoporotic hip fracture

A

Usually caused by weakening of the bones due to osteoporosis and can occur either spontaneously or as a result of a fall

169
Q

Closed fracture/simple fracture/complete fracture

A

one in which the bone is broken but there’s no open wound in the skin

170
Q

Open fracture/compound fracture

A

Where the bone is broken and there’s an open wound in the skin

171
Q

Comminuted fracture

A

Where the bone is splintered or crushed

172
Q

Greenstick fracture/incomplete fracture

A

Where the bone is been an only partially broken occurs primarily in children

173
Q

Oblique fracture

A

Occurs at an angle across the bone

174
Q

Pathological fracture

A

Occurs when a week and bone breaks under normal strain

175
Q

Spiral fracture

A

A fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart

176
Q

Stress fracture

A

Small crack in the bone that often develops from chronic excessive impact is an overuse injury

177
Q

Transverse fracture

A

Occur straight across the bone

178
Q

Fat embolus

A

Can form when a long bone is fractured and fat cells from yellow bone marrow are released into the blood

179
Q

Crepitation/crepitus

A

Grading sound heard when the ends of broken bone move together

180
Q

Callus

A

Bulging deposit around the area of the break the tissue eventually becomes bone

181
Q

Arthroscopy

A

Visual examination of the internal structure of a joint

182
Q

Magnetic resonance imaging/MRI

A

Used to him or soft tissue structures such as interior of complex joints

183
Q

Ultrasonic bone density testing

A

Screening test for osteoporosis or other conditions that cause a loss of bone mass sound waves take measurements of the calcaneus bone

184
Q

Dual x-ray absorptiometry

A

Low exposure radiographic measurement of the spine and hips to measure bone density

185
Q

Allogenic bone marrow transplant

A

Uses healthy bone marrow cells from my compatible donor often a sibling

186
Q

Autologus bone marrow transplant

A

The patient receives his or her own bone marrow cells which have been harvest cleans treated and stored before the remaining bone marrow in the patient’s body is destroyed

187
Q

Orthotic

A

Mechanical appliance Designed to control correct will come and see from Pearland function

188
Q

Arthrodesis/surgical ankylosis

A

Surgical fusion of two bones To Stiffen a joint

189
Q

Arthrolysis

A

Surgical loosening of an ankylosed joint

190
Q

Arthroscopic surgery

A

Minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of the interior of a joint

191
Q

Chondroplasty

A

Surgical repair of damaged cartilage

192
Q

Synovectomy

A

Surgical removal of a synovial membrane from a joint

193
Q

Percuntaneous diskectomy

A

Performed a treat a herniated intervertebral disk

194
Q

Percutaneous vertebroplasty

A

Performed to treat osteoporosis related compression fractures

195
Q

Laminectomy

A

Surgical removal of a lamina or posterior portion of the vertebrae

196
Q

Spinal fusion

A

Technique to immobilize part of the spine by joining together two or more vertebrate

197
Q

Craniectomy

A

Surgical removal of a portion of the skull

198
Q

Craniotomy

A

Surgical incision or opening into the skull

199
Q

Cranioplasty

A

Surgical repair of the skull

200
Q

Osteoclasis

A

Surgical fracture of a bone to correct a deformity

201
Q

Ostectomy

A

Surgical removal of a bone

Medical Terminology (6 decks)

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