Chapter 3 Skelatal System Flashcards
(201 cards)
1
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Skeletal structure
A
Bones bone marrow cartilage joints ligaments Sanovia membranes synovial fluid and Bursae
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Functions
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Actors framework support and protect internal organs work in conjunction with muscles ligaments and tendons
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Ossification
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Membranes and cartilage start becoming bone
4
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Osteoclasts
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New bone formation
5
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Osteoblasts
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Rebuild the bone
6
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Periosteum
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Tough fibrosis tissue that forms the outermost covering of the bone
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Compact bone
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Cortical bone the dents hard and very strong bond that forms a protective outer layer of bones accounts for 75% of body’s bone matter
8
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Spongy bone
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Cancelleous bone poorest lighter and weaker than compact bone red marrow is often located within the spongy bone bones with large percentage of spongy bone are weaker
9
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Medullary cavity
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Central cavity located in the shaft of long bones surrounded by compact bone red and yellow bone marrow are stored
10
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Endosteum
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Tissue that lines the medullary cavity
11
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Red bone marrow
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Located within the spongy bone is a Hemopoietic tissue that manufactures red blood cells and hemoglobin white blood cells and thrombocytes
12
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Hemopoietic
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Pertaining to the formation of blood cells
13
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Yellow bone marrow
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Functions as a fat storage area compose chiefly of fat cells and is located in the medullary cavity of long bones
14
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Cartilage
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Smooth rubbery blue white connective tissue that acts as a shock absorber between bones
15
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Articular cartilage
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Covers the surfaces of bones were they articulate or come together to form joints
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Meniscus
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Curved fibrosis cartilage found in some joints such as the knee
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Diaphysis
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The shaft of a long bone
18
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Epiphyses
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Wider ends of long bones covered with articular cartilage to protect it
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Foramen
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An opening in A bone through which blood vessels nerves and ligaments pass through
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Process
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Normal projection on the surface of a bone that most commonly serves as an attachment for muscle or tendon
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Joints/articulations
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The place of union between two more bones
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Fibrous joint
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Consisting of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue hold the bones tightly together
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Fontanelles/Soft spot
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Normally present on the school of a newborn
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Cartaginous joints
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Allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage
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Pubic symphysis
Allow some movement to facilitate childbirth
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Synovial joint
Created where two bones articulate to permit a variety of motions
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Ball and socket joints
Allow a wide range of movement in many directions
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Hinge joints
synovial joints allow movement primarily in one direction or plane
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Synovial capsule
Outer most layer of strong Fiborous tissue that surrounds the joint
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Synovial membrane
Lines the capsule and secretes synovial fluid
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Synovial fluid
Flows within the synovial cavity acts as a lubricant to make this smooth movement of joints
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Ligaments
Bands of Fiborous tissue that form joints by connecting one bone to another bone or by joining a bone to cartilage
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Bursa
Fiborous sac the acts as a cushion to each movement in areas that are subject to friction such as the shoulder
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Axial skeleton
Protects the major organs of the Nervis respiratory and circular system
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Axial skeleton contains
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The bones of the skull
bones of the middle ear
hyoid bone
the rib cage and
vertebral column
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Appendicular skeleton
Makes body movement possible and also protects the organs of digestion excretion and reproduction
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Upper extremities
Shoulders arms forearms wrists and hands
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Lower extremities
Hips thighs legs ankles and feet
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Appendage
Anything that is attached to a major part of the body
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Appendicular
Means referring to an appendage
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Extremity
The terminal end of a body parts such as an arm or leg
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Skull
Eight bones that form the cranium 14 bones that form the face and six bones in the middle ear
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Frontal bone
Anterior position of the cranium that forms the forehead
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Parietal bone
Two of the large bones of the school together they form most of the roof and upper side of the cranium
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Occipital bone
Forms the back part of the school and the base of the cranium
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Temporal bones
Form the sides and base of the cranium
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External auditory meatus
Opening of the external auditory canal of the outer ear
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Sphenoid bone
In a regular wedge shaped bone at the base of the skull help us find the base of the cranium beside the school and the floors and sides of the eyesockets
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Ethmoid bone
White spongy bone located at the roof and sides of the nose
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Auditory ossicles
Three tiny bones located in the middle ear
| These bones are known as the malleus incus and stapes
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Nasal bones
Upper part of the bridge of the nose
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Zygomatic bone/cheekbones
Articulate with the frontal bone that makes up the forehead
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Maxillary bones
For most of the upper jaw also known as the maxillae
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Palitine bones
Form the anterior part of the hard palate of the mouth and floor of the nose
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Lacrimal bones
Make a part of the orbit at the inner angle
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Inferior Conchae
Thin scrolling bones that form part of the interior of the nose
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Vomer bone
Form the basis for the nasal septum
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Mandible/jawbone
The only mobile bone of the school attached to the skull at the temporomandibular joint
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Thoracic cavity
Bony structure that protects the heart and lungs consist of the ribs sternum and upper portion of the spinal column
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Ribs/costals
12 pairs attached posteriorly to the thoracic vertebrae
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True ribs
First seven pairs attach Anteriorly to the sternum
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False ribs
Attached anteriorly to the cartilage that connects them to the sternum
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Floating ribs
Only attached posteriorly to the vertebrae but are not attached anteriorly
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Sternum/breastbone
Flat dagger shaped bone located in the middle of the chest
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Manubrium
Bony structure that forms the upper portion of the sternum
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Body of the sternum/gladiolus
Bony structure that forms the middle portion of the sternum
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Xiphoid process
Structure made of cartilage that forms the lower portion of the sternum
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Pectoral girdle/Shoulder girdle
Supports the arms and hands
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Clavicle/collarbone
Slender bone that connects the Manda Bram to the sternum to the scapula
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Scapula
Shoulder blade
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Acromion
Extension of the scapula That forms the high point of the shoulder
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Humerus
Bone of the upper arm
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Radius
Smaller and shorter bone in the forearm
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Ulna
Larger and longer bone of the forearm
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Olecranon process
Large protection on the upper end of the ulna this form as a point of the elbow in exposes a Nerve that tingles when it struck
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Carpals
Eight bones that form the wrist these bones for my narrow Bonnie passage known as the carpal tunnel
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Metacarpals
Five bones that form the palm of the hand
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Phalanges
The 14 bones of the fingers
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How many bones does each finger have
Each of the four fingers has three bones these are distal middle and proximal phalanges
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How many bones does the thumb have
The thumb has two bones do use are the distal and proximal phalanges
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Spinal column/vertebral column
Protects the spinal cord and supports the head and body
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How many vertebrae’s does the spinal column have
26 vertebrae
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Body of the vertebrae
The anterior position of the vertebrae is solid to provide strength
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Lamina
The posterior position of the room to bring the transverse in spinous process extend from this area and serve as attachments for muscle and tendons
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Vertebral foramen
The opening in the middle of the vertebrae
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Intervertebral disks
Made of cartilage separate and cushion the vertebrae from each other they act or shock absorbers and allow for movement of the spinal
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Cervical vertebrae
First seven vertebrae they form the neck C1 through C7
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thoracic vertebrae
T1- 12 are the second set of 12 vertebrae each of his vertebrae has a pair of ribs attached to it
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Lumbar vertebrae
L1 through L5 make up the third set of five for bright and together they form the N-word curve of the lower spine largest and strongest of the vertebrae and bear most of the body’s weight
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Sacrum
Lightly curve triangular shaped bone at the base of the spine that forms a lower portion of the back
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Coccyx
Formed the end of the spine and is actually made of four small vertebrae that are fused together
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Pelvis/Bony pelvis
Protection to internal organs and supports the lower extremities
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Pelvic girdle
A cup shaped ring of bone at the lower end of the trunk consisting of the ileum ischium and pubis
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Ilium
Broad blade shaped bone that forms the back and sides of the pubic bone
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Sacroiliac
Slightly movable articulation between the sacrament and posterior portion of the ileum
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Ischium
Forms the lower posterior portion of the pubic bone bears the weight of the body when sitting
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Pubis
Forms of anterior position of the pubic bone which is located just below the urinary bladder
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Pubic bones
The ileum ischiumand pubis are three separate bones that fuse together to form the pubic bone
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Pubic symphysis
Cartilaginous joint that unites the left and right pubic bones
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Acetabulum
Large circular cavity and each side of the pelvis that articulates with the head of the femur to form the hip joint
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Femurs/thigh bones
Largest bones in the body
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Head of the femur
Articulates with the acetabulum (hip socket)
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Femoral neck
The narrow area just below the head of the femur
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Patella/kneecap
Boney anterior portion of the knee
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Popliteal
Describes the posterior space behind me were the ligaments vessels and muscles related to the joints are located
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Cruciate ligament’s
Make movement of the new possible also known as anterior and posterior cruciate ligament’s because they are shaped like a cross
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Tibia/shinbone
Larger anterior weight bearing bone of the lower leg
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Fibula
The smaller of the two bones of the lower leg
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Ankles
Joints that connect the lower leg and foot and make the necessary movements
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Tarsal bones
Each ankle is made up of seven short torso bones these bones are similar to the bones in the wrist except much larger
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Malleolus
Rounded Bonnie projection on the Tabula and fibula on the sides of each ankle joint
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Talus
The ankle bone articulates with the tibia and fibula
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Calcaneus
Largest of the tarsal bones is the heel bone
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metatarsals
Form the part of the foot to which the toes are attached
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Osteopath
Hold a doctor of osteopath degree and use a traditional forms of medical treatment in addition to specializing in treatment health problems to spinal manipulation
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Chiropractor
Holds a doctor of chiropractic degree in specializes in I’m gonna feel of treatment of disorders Originating ffrom misalignment of the spine
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Orthopedic surgeon/orthopedist
Physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders involving the bones joints and muscles
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Podiatrist
Hold a doctor of podiatry or Dr. of pediatric medicine degree and specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the foot
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Rheumatologist
Physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of arthritis and disorders such as osteoporosis fibromyalgia and tendinitis
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Ankylosis
Loss or absence of mobility in a joint due to disease injury or a surgical procedure
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Adhesive capsulitis
Known as frozen shoulder pain, ankylosis of the shoulder
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Arthrosclerosis
Stiffness of the joints especially in the elderly
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Baker’s cyst/popliteal cyst
Fluid filled sac behind the knee
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Bursitis
Inflammation of the bursa
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Chondromalacia
Abnormal softening of cartilage
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Costochondritis
Inflammation of cartilage that attaches a rib to the sternum
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Hallux valgus/bunion
Abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe
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Hemarthrosis
Blood within a joint
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Polymyalgia rheumatic
Inflammatory disorder of the muscles and joints characterized by pain and stiffness in the neck shoulders and upper arms hips and thighs
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Sprain
Occurs when a ligament that connects bone to a joint is wrenched or torn
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Synovitis
Inflammation of the synovial membrane that results in swelling and pain and the effect of joint
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Dislocation/luxation
Total displacement of a bone from its joint
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Subluxation
Partial displacement of a bone from its joint
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Arthritis
Inflammatory condition of one or more joints
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Osteoarthritis/wear and tear arthritis
Most commonly associated with aging
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Degenerative joint disease
Characterized by the wearing away of the articular cartilage with in the joints
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Osteophytes
Bone spurs
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Spondylosis/Spinal osteoarthritis
Can cause the loss of normal spinal structure and function
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Gout/gouty arthritis
Characterized by deposits of uric acid crystals in the joints usually beginning in the big toe joints are typically warm red and sensitive
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Rheumatoid arthritis
Chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some organs of other body systems are attacked
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Ankylosing spondylitis
Form of rumor toward arthritis that primarily causes Inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae
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Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
Auto immune disorder that affects children ages 16 years or younger which symptoms that include stiffness and pain joint swelling skin rash fever so gross
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Herniated disc/slip/ruptured disc
Breaking apart of a intervertebral disc that results in pressure on spinal nerve roots
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Lumbago/low back pain
Pain of the lumbar region of the spine
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Spondylolisthesis
Orange flipping movement of the body of one of the lower lumbar vertebrae on the vertebrate or sacrum below
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Spina bifida
In general the fact that occurs during early pregnancy when the spinal canal feel so close completely around the spinal cord to protect it
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Kyphosis
Abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine
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Lordosis
Abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine
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Scoliosis
Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
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A vascular necrosis/osteonecrosis
An area of bone tissue death caused by insufficient blood flow
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Craniostenosis
Malformation of the school due to premature closure of the cranial sutures
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Osteitis
Information of a bone
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Osteomalacia/Adult rickets
Normal softening of bones and adults
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Osteomyelitis
Information of the bone marrow and adjacent bone
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Pagets disease
Chronic bone disease of unknown caused characterized by abnormal breakdown of bone usually in the pelvis school spine and legs
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Periostitis
Inflammation of the periosteum
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Rickets
Deficiency disease occurring in children characterized by defective bone growth resulting from lack of vitamin D
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Short stature/dwarfism
Resulting from failure of bones of the limbs to go to an appropriate length compared to the size of the head and trunk more than 200 different conditions can cause short stature
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Talipes/club foot
I was in a congenital deformity of the foot involving the talus
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Primary bone cancer
Relatively rare malignant tumor that originates in a bone
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Secondary bone cancer
Describes tumors that has metastasize to bones from other organs
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Myeloma
Type of cancer that occurs In blood making cells found in the bone red marrow
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Osteochondroma
Benin bony projection covered with cartilage
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Osteoporosis
Loss of bone density and an increase in porosity
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Osteopenia
Thinner than average bone density
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Compression fracture/vertebral crush fracture
Occurs when a bone is pressed together on itself
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Colles fracture/fractured wrist
This fracture occurs at the lower end of the radius when a person tries to stop a fall by landing on his or her hands
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Osteoporotic hip fracture
Usually caused by weakening of the bones due to osteoporosis and can occur either spontaneously or as a result of a fall
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Closed fracture/simple fracture/complete fracture
one in which the bone is broken but there’s no open wound in the skin
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Open fracture/compound fracture
Where the bone is broken and there’s an open wound in the skin
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Comminuted fracture
Where the bone is splintered or crushed
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Greenstick fracture/incomplete fracture
Where the bone is been an only partially broken occurs primarily in children
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Oblique fracture
Occurs at an angle across the bone
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Pathological fracture
Occurs when a week and bone breaks under normal strain
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Spiral fracture
A fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart
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Stress fracture
Small crack in the bone that often develops from chronic excessive impact is an overuse injury
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Transverse fracture
Occur straight across the bone
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Fat embolus
Can form when a long bone is fractured and fat cells from yellow bone marrow are released into the blood
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Crepitation/crepitus
Grading sound heard when the ends of broken bone move together
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Callus
Bulging deposit around the area of the break the tissue eventually becomes bone
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Arthroscopy
Visual examination of the internal structure of a joint
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Magnetic resonance imaging/MRI
Used to him or soft tissue structures such as interior of complex joints
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Ultrasonic bone density testing
Screening test for osteoporosis or other conditions that cause a loss of bone mass sound waves take measurements of the calcaneus bone
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Dual x-ray absorptiometry
Low exposure radiographic measurement of the spine and hips to measure bone density
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Allogenic bone marrow transplant
Uses healthy bone marrow cells from my compatible donor often a sibling
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Autologus bone marrow transplant
The patient receives his or her own bone marrow cells which have been harvest cleans treated and stored before the remaining bone marrow in the patient’s body is destroyed
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Orthotic
Mechanical appliance Designed to control correct will come and see from Pearland function
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Arthrodesis/surgical ankylosis
Surgical fusion of two bones To Stiffen a joint
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Arthrolysis
Surgical loosening of an ankylosed joint
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Arthroscopic surgery
Minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of the interior of a joint
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Chondroplasty
Surgical repair of damaged cartilage
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Synovectomy
Surgical removal of a synovial membrane from a joint
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Percuntaneous diskectomy
Performed a treat a herniated intervertebral disk
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Percutaneous vertebroplasty
Performed to treat osteoporosis related compression fractures
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Laminectomy
Surgical removal of a lamina or posterior portion of the vertebrae
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Spinal fusion
Technique to immobilize part of the spine by joining together two or more vertebrate
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Craniectomy
Surgical removal of a portion of the skull
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Craniotomy
Surgical incision or opening into the skull
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Cranioplasty
Surgical repair of the skull
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Osteoclasis
Surgical fracture of a bone to correct a deformity
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Ostectomy
Surgical removal of a bone
