Chapter 2 Flashcards
Aden/o
Gland
Adip/o
Fat
Anter/o
Before, front
Caud/o
Lower part of body or tail
Hist/o
Tissue
Plasi/I, plas/o, -plasia
Development, growth, formation
Poster/o
Behind, towards back
-stasis, -static
Control, maintenance of a constant level
Disto
Away
Cephalic
Towards the head
Caudal
Towards the feet
Anterior
Toward the front
Ventral surface
Front of body
Dorsal
Back of body
Proximal
Situated nearest the midline
Distal
Situated furthest from the midline
Medial
Toward or nearer the midline
Lateral
Toward the side and away from the midline
Peritoneum
Multilayered membrane that protects and holds the organs in place in the abdominal cavity
Parietal peritoneum
Outer layer of the peritoneum that lines the interior of the abdominal wall
Parietal
Cavity wall
Mesentery
Is a fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall
Retroperitoneum
Means located behind the peritoneum
Cytology
Study of the anatomy, physiology, pathology, and chemistry of a cell
Cytologist
Specialist in the study of and analysis of cells
Cell membrane
Tissue that surrounds and protects the contents of a cell
Cytoplasm
Material within the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus
Nucleus
Controls the activities within the cell and helps the cell divide
Stem cells
Unspecialized cells that are able to renew themselves for long periods of time by cell division
Adult stem cells/somatic stem cells
Undifferentiated cells found among differentiated cells in a tissue or organ
Embryonic stem cell
Undifferentiated cells that can form any adult cell, come from cord blood
Gene
Fundamental physical and functional unit of hereditary
Genetics
Study of how genes are transferred from parents to their children
Genome
Complete set of genetic information for an organism
Histology
The microscopic study of the structure, composition, and function of tissues
Epithelial tissue
Forms a protective covering for all internal and external surfaces of the body
Epithelium
Forms the epidermis of the skin and the surface layer of mucous membranes
Endothelium
The specialized epithelial tissue that lines the blood and lymph vessels, body cavities, glands, and organs
Connective tissue
Support and connect organs and other body tissues
Dense connective tissue
Form the joints and framework of the body
Adipose tissue
Known as fat, provides protective padding, insulation, and support
Loose connective tissue
Surround various organs and supports both nerve cells and blood vessels
Liquid connective tissue
Blood and lymph, which transport nutrients and waste products throughout the body
Muscle tissue
Contains cells with the specialized ability to contract and relax
Nerve tissue
Ability to react to stimuli and to conduct electrical impulses
Aplasia
Defective development or the congenital absence of an organ or tissue
Hypoplasia
Incomplete development of an organ or tissue due to a deficiency in cells
Anaplasia
Change in structure of calls and in their orientation to each other
Dysplasia
The abnormal development or growth of cells tissues or organs
Hyperplasia
The enlargement of an organ or tissue because of an abnormal increase in the number of cells in the tissues
Hypertrophy
Is a general increase in the book of a body part or organ that is due to an increase in the size but not In the number of cells in the tissues
Gland
A group of specialized epithelial cells that are capable of producing secretions
Exocrine glands
Secrete chemicals seven shares into ducks that lead either to other organs are out of the
Endocrine glands
Produce hormones do not have ducks these hormones are secreted directly into the bloodstream
Adenitis
Inflammation of a gland
Adenocarcinoma
Malignant tumor that originates in glandular tissue
Adenoma
Benign tumor that arises in or resembles glandular tissue
Adenomalacia
Abnormal softening of a gland
Adenosis
Any disease or condition of a gland
Adenosclerosis
Abnormal hardening of a gland
Adenectomy
Surgical removal of a gland
Etiology
The study of the causes of diseases
Pathogen
Disease producing micro organism
Transmission
The spread of a disease
Contamination
Means that a pathogen is possibly present
Communicable/contagious
Any condition that is transmitted from one person to another either directly or indirect contact with contaminated objects
Indirect contact transmission
Refers to situations in which a susceptible person is infected by contact with a contaminated surface
Bloodborne transmission
The spread of a disease or contact with Infected blood or other body fluids that are contaminated by infected blood
Droplet transmission
The spread of disease through large respiratory droplets spread by coughing or sneezing on to a nearby person
Airborne transmission
Occurs through contact with germs in the air
Food or waterborne transmission
Caused by drinking or eating contaminated food or water that has not been properly treated to remove contamination or kill any pathogen’s present
Vector borne transmission
Spread of certain diseases due to the body of a vector
Epidemiologist
A specialist in the study of outbreaks of disease within a population group
Endemic
Refers to the ongoing presence of a disease within a population group or area
Epidemic
A sudden or widespread outbreak of disease without a specific population group or area
Functional disorder
Reduce his symptoms for which no psychological or anatomical cause can be identified
Iatrogenic illness
On favorable response due to prescribe medical treatment
Idiopathic disorder
In illness without a known cause
Infectious disease
An illness caused by living pathogenic organisms
Nosocomial infection
Acquired in a hospital or clinical setting
Organic disorder
Produces symptoms caused by detectable physical changes in the body
Congenital disorder
Abnormal condition that exist at the time of birth
Developmental disorder/birth defect
I don’t normally or mouth formation such as the absence of a limb or presence of an extra toe
Atresia
Describes a congenital absence of a normal body opening or failure of a destruction to the tubular
Premature birth
A bird that occurs earlier than 37 weeks of development
Birth Injuries
Congenital disorders that were not present Before the event during the time of birth
Geriatrics
Study of the medical problems in care of older people
