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medical terminology > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Aden/o

A

Gland

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2
Q

Adip/o

A

Fat

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3
Q

Anter/o

A

Before, front

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4
Q

Caud/o

A

Lower part of body or tail

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5
Q

Hist/o

A

Tissue

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6
Q

Plasi/I, plas/o, -plasia

A

Development, growth, formation

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7
Q

Poster/o

A

Behind, towards back

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8
Q

-stasis, -static

A

Control, maintenance of a constant level

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9
Q

Disto

A

Away

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10
Q

Cephalic

A

Towards the head

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11
Q

Caudal

A

Towards the feet

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12
Q

Anterior

A

Toward the front

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13
Q

Ventral surface

A

Front of body

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14
Q

Dorsal

A

Back of body

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15
Q

Proximal

A

Situated nearest the midline

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16
Q

Distal

A

Situated furthest from the midline

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17
Q

Medial

A

Toward or nearer the midline

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18
Q

Lateral

A

Toward the side and away from the midline

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19
Q

Peritoneum

A

Multilayered membrane that protects and holds the organs in place in the abdominal cavity

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20
Q

Parietal peritoneum

A

Outer layer of the peritoneum that lines the interior of the abdominal wall

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21
Q

Parietal

A

Cavity wall

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22
Q

Mesentery

A

Is a fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall

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23
Q

Retroperitoneum

A

Means located behind the peritoneum

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24
Q

Cytology

A

Study of the anatomy, physiology, pathology, and chemistry of a cell

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25
Q

Cytologist

A

Specialist in the study of and analysis of cells

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26
Q

Cell membrane

A

Tissue that surrounds and protects the contents of a cell

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27
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Material within the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus

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28
Q

Nucleus

A

Controls the activities within the cell and helps the cell divide

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29
Q

Stem cells

A

Unspecialized cells that are able to renew themselves for long periods of time by cell division

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30
Q

Adult stem cells/somatic stem cells

A

Undifferentiated cells found among differentiated cells in a tissue or organ

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31
Q

Embryonic stem cell

A

Undifferentiated cells that can form any adult cell, come from cord blood

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32
Q

Gene

A

Fundamental physical and functional unit of hereditary

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33
Q

Genetics

A

Study of how genes are transferred from parents to their children

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34
Q

Genome

A

Complete set of genetic information for an organism

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35
Q

Histology

A

The microscopic study of the structure, composition, and function of tissues

36
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

Forms a protective covering for all internal and external surfaces of the body

37
Q

Epithelium

A

Forms the epidermis of the skin and the surface layer of mucous membranes

38
Q

Endothelium

A

The specialized epithelial tissue that lines the blood and lymph vessels, body cavities, glands, and organs

39
Q

Connective tissue

A

Support and connect organs and other body tissues

40
Q

Dense connective tissue

A

Form the joints and framework of the body

41
Q

Adipose tissue

A

Known as fat, provides protective padding, insulation, and support

42
Q

Loose connective tissue

A

Surround various organs and supports both nerve cells and blood vessels

43
Q

Liquid connective tissue

A

Blood and lymph, which transport nutrients and waste products throughout the body

44
Q

Muscle tissue

A

Contains cells with the specialized ability to contract and relax

45
Q

Nerve tissue

A

Ability to react to stimuli and to conduct electrical impulses

46
Q

Aplasia

A

Defective development or the congenital absence of an organ or tissue

47
Q

Hypoplasia

A

Incomplete development of an organ or tissue due to a deficiency in cells

48
Q

Anaplasia

A

Change in structure of calls and in their orientation to each other

49
Q

Dysplasia

A

The abnormal development or growth of cells tissues or organs

50
Q

Hyperplasia

A

The enlargement of an organ or tissue because of an abnormal increase in the number of cells in the tissues

51
Q

Hypertrophy

A

Is a general increase in the book of a body part or organ that is due to an increase in the size but not In the number of cells in the tissues

52
Q

Gland

A

A group of specialized epithelial cells that are capable of producing secretions

53
Q

Exocrine glands

A

Secrete chemicals seven shares into ducks that lead either to other organs are out of the

54
Q

Endocrine glands

A

Produce hormones do not have ducks these hormones are secreted directly into the bloodstream

55
Q

Adenitis

A

Inflammation of a gland

56
Q

Adenocarcinoma

A

Malignant tumor that originates in glandular tissue

57
Q

Adenoma

A

Benign tumor that arises in or resembles glandular tissue

58
Q

Adenomalacia

A

Abnormal softening of a gland

59
Q

Adenosis

A

Any disease or condition of a gland

60
Q

Adenosclerosis

A

Abnormal hardening of a gland

61
Q

Adenectomy

A

Surgical removal of a gland

62
Q

Etiology

A

The study of the causes of diseases

63
Q

Pathogen

A

Disease producing micro organism

64
Q

Transmission

A

The spread of a disease

65
Q

Contamination

A

Means that a pathogen is possibly present

66
Q

Communicable/contagious

A

Any condition that is transmitted from one person to another either directly or indirect contact with contaminated objects

67
Q

Indirect contact transmission

A

Refers to situations in which a susceptible person is infected by contact with a contaminated surface

68
Q

Bloodborne transmission

A

The spread of a disease or contact with Infected blood or other body fluids that are contaminated by infected blood

69
Q

Droplet transmission

A

The spread of disease through large respiratory droplets spread by coughing or sneezing on to a nearby person

70
Q

Airborne transmission

A

Occurs through contact with germs in the air

71
Q

Food or waterborne transmission

A

Caused by drinking or eating contaminated food or water that has not been properly treated to remove contamination or kill any pathogen’s present

72
Q

Vector borne transmission

A

Spread of certain diseases due to the body of a vector

73
Q

Epidemiologist

A

A specialist in the study of outbreaks of disease within a population group

74
Q

Endemic

A

Refers to the ongoing presence of a disease within a population group or area

75
Q

Epidemic

A

A sudden or widespread outbreak of disease without a specific population group or area

76
Q

Functional disorder

A

Reduce his symptoms for which no psychological or anatomical cause can be identified

77
Q

Iatrogenic illness

A

On favorable response due to prescribe medical treatment

78
Q

Idiopathic disorder

A

In illness without a known cause

79
Q

Infectious disease

A

An illness caused by living pathogenic organisms

80
Q

Nosocomial infection

A

Acquired in a hospital or clinical setting

81
Q

Organic disorder

A

Produces symptoms caused by detectable physical changes in the body

82
Q

Congenital disorder

A

Abnormal condition that exist at the time of birth

83
Q

Developmental disorder/birth defect

A

I don’t normally or mouth formation such as the absence of a limb or presence of an extra toe

84
Q

Atresia

A

Describes a congenital absence of a normal body opening or failure of a destruction to the tubular

85
Q

Premature birth

A

A bird that occurs earlier than 37 weeks of development

86
Q

Birth Injuries

A

Congenital disorders that were not present Before the event during the time of birth

87
Q

Geriatrics

A

Study of the medical problems in care of older people

medical terminology (6 decks)

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