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Intro to Linguistics > Chapter 4- Morphology > Flashcards

Chapter 4- Morphology Flashcards

1
Q

Affix

A

Bound morpheme that attaches to a stem

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2
Q

Affixation

A

Process of forming words by adding affixes to morphemes

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3
Q

Agglutinating language

A

A type of synthetic language in which the relationships between words in a sentence are indicated primarily by bound morphemes

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4
Q

Allmorph

A

One of a set of non distinctive realizations of a particular morpheme that have the same function and are phonetically similar

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5
Q

Alternation

A

In phonology, a difference between two or more phonetic forms that one might expect to be related

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6
Q

Ambiguity

A

The phenomenon by which a single linguistic form can be the form of more that one distinct linguistic expression

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7
Q

Analytical language

A

Type of language in which most words consist of one morpheme and sentences are composed of sequences of these free morphemes

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8
Q

Bound morpheme

A

Morpheme that always attaches to other morphemes, never existing as a word itself

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9
Q

Bound root

A

Morpheme that has some associated basic meaning, but that is unable to stand alone as a word in its own right

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10
Q

Closed lexical category

A

Lexical category in which the members are fairly rigidly established and additions are made very rarely and only over long periods of time

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11
Q

Compounding

A

Word formation process by which words are formed through combining two or more independent words

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12
Q

Conjunction

A

A lexical category that consists of function words such as and, but, however, etc.

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13
Q

Content morpheme

A

Morpheme that carries semantic content (as opposed to merely performing a grammatical function)

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14
Q

Content word

A

A wore whose primary purpose is to contribute semantic content to the phrase in which it occurs

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15
Q

Derivation

A

In phonology, a process by which an underlying form is changed as phonological rules act upon it

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16
Q

Determiner

A

The name of a lexical category and a syntactic category that consists of expressions such as the, a, this, all, etc.

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17
Q

Form

A

The structure or shape of any particular linguistic item from individual segments to strings of words

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18
Q

Free morpheme

A

A morpheme that can stand alone as a word

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19
Q

Function morpheme

A

Morpheme that provides information abut the grammatical relationships between words in a sentence

20
Q

Function word

A

A word that has little semantic content and whose primary purpose is to indicate grammatical relationships between other words within a phrase

21
Q

Fusional language

A

A type of synthetic language in which the relationships between the words in a sentence are indicated by bound morphemes that are difficult to separate from the stem

22
Q

Hierarchical structure

A

The dominance relationship among morphemes in a word, or among constituents in a phrase

23
Q

Homophony

A

The phenomenon by which two or more distinct morphemes or nonphrasal linguistic expressions happen to have the same form, i.e., sound the same

24
Q

Incorporation

A

Morphological process by which several distinct semantic components are combined into a single word in a polysynthetic language

25
Q

Infix

A

A type of bound morpheme that is inserted into the middle of the stem

26
Q

Inflection

A

A morphological process whereby the from of a word is modified to indicate some grammatically relevant information, such as person, number, tense, gender, etc.

27
Q

Input

A

The linguistic form before the application of a rule or a set of rules

28
Q

Lexical category

A

Class of words grouped together based on morphological properties. Traditionally known as part of speech

29
Q

Lexicon

A

A mental repository of linguistic information about words and other lexical expressions, including their form, meaning, morphological, and syntactic properties

30
Q

Morpheme

A

Smallest linguistic unit that has a meaning or grammatical function

31
Q

Morphology

A

The study of how words are constructed out of morphemes

32
Q

Open lexical categories

A

Lexical category into which new members are often introduced

33
Q

Output

A

The linguistic form obtained after an application of a rule or a set of rules

34
Q

Partial reduplication

A

Morphological reduplication in which only part of a morpheme is reduplicated

35
Q

Polysynthetic language

A

A type of language that attaches several affixes to a stem to indicate grammatical relationships

36
Q

Prefix

A

Affix that attaches to the beginning of a stem

37
Q

Preposition

A

The name of a lexical category and a syntactic category that consists of expressions such as of, in, for, with, etc.

38
Q

Productive

A

Describes a rule (such as a morphological rule stating under what circumstances an affix may be added to a stem) that can be applied in novel situations to produce novel grammatical forms

39
Q

Pronoun

A

The name of a lexical category that consists of words, such as I, she, us, etc.

40
Q

Reduplicant

A

The morpheme or part of a morpheme that is repeated in reduplication

41
Q

Reduplication

A

Process of forming new words by doubling either an entire word (total reduplication) or part of a word (partial reduplication)

42
Q

Root

A

The free morpheme or bound root in a word that contributes most semantic content to the word, and to which affixes can attach

43
Q

Simultaneous affix

A

An affix that is articulated at the same time as some other affix or affixes in a word’s stem; exists only in visual-gestural languages

44
Q

Stem

A

The base, consisting of one or more morphemes, to which some affix is added

45
Q

Suffix

A

Affix that attaches to the end of a stem

46
Q

Suppletion

A

A morphological process between forms of a word wherein one form cannot be phonologically or morphologically derived from the other

Intro to Linguistics (7 decks)

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