Chapter 4: Microbiology for Central Service Technicians Flashcards
the study of microorganisms. the science which treats the nature, like, and action of microorganisms
microbiology
the state of being soiled or infected by contact with infectious organisms or other material
contamination
capable of causing disease (disease-causing microorganisms)
pathogen
a unit of measurement; 1/1000 of a millimeter or 1/25,000 of an inch; usually designated by the Greek letter u
Micron
required the presence of air of free oxygen to survive
aerobic
bacteria that can live in the absence of atmospheric oxygen
anaerobic
the common different shapes of bacteria
spherical, rod, and spiral
microorganisms capable of forming a thick wall around themselves enabling them to survive in adverse conditions; a resistant form of bacterium
endospores
the type of staining used to determine the different type of bacteria
gram staining
the color of gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus
purple
the color of gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas
red
used when rod-shaped acid-fast bacilli bacteria that are very different to stain such as mycobacteria
acid fast (Ziehl-Neilson Stain)
measure of alkalinity or acidity on a scale of 0 to 14
pH
pH of 7
neutral
pH below 7
acid
pH above 7
alkaline
bacteria whose optimum temperature for growth is 59ºF to 68ºF or below
psychrophiles (bacteria)
bacteria that grow best at moderate temperatures of 68 - 113ºF. most are pathogenic to humans as they grow best at body temperature
mesophiles (bacteria)
bacteria that grow best at temperatures of 122ºF - 158ºF
thermophiles (bacteria)
a thick mucus-like substance that is colorless and translucent that forms the biochemical basis of life found within the cell nucleus
protoplasm
the living matter of a cell between the cells membrane and nucleus
cytoplasm
round or spherical-shaped bacteria
cocci
rod-shaped bacteria
bacillus
the invasion of human body tissue by microorganisms which multiply and produce a reaction
infection
Causative Agent
Reservoir of the Agent
Portal of Exit of the Agent to the Reservoir
Mode of Transmission
Portal of Entry into the Host
Susceptible Host
the chain of infection
spiral-shaped bacteria
spirillum
microorganisms capable for forming a thick wall around themselves that enables them to survive in adverse conditions
spores
the typical method of bacterial reproduction in which the cell divides into two equal parts
binary fission
an inanimate object that can transmit bacteria
fomite
a living object that can transmit bacteria
vector
they are an infectious agent that grow only in living tissue or cells as they require a host. they are the smallest microorganisms and are about 1,000 times smaller than bacteria
virus
the percentage of hospital patients that develop healthcare facility-associated infection
approximately 10%
state of active growth of microorganisms
vegetative stage
a unit used to measure the length of light waves
angstrom
multiple-drug resistant organisms
MDRO
lives on the skin and is known for causing severe infections. they are spread by direct contact by touching the contaminated surface
MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus)
lives in the bowels and is transmitted when hands become contaminated from feces, urine or blood that is infected
VRE (Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci)
this bacterium is found on the hand and in the intestinal tract. it causes pneumonia, nasal infections, urinary tract, wound and bloodstream infections
Klebsiella
is found normally in the soil. it is transmitted from person to person contact or by contact with contaminated surfaces
acinetobacter
they are a family of germs that are difficult to treat because they have a high level of resistance to antibiotics. this is usually found in the gut and is associated with devices such as catheters, endoscopes, and ventilators
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE)
a one-celled organism that lives in moist habitat and is aerobic, but some species found in the human intestines are anaerobic. reproduce asexually
protozoa
this is a group of plant-like organisms that include molds, mushrooms, and yeasts
fungi
are abnormal infectious protein. contains no nucleic acid, does not trigger an immune response and is not destroyed through extreme heat or cold
prions
is a specific type of prion disease that is extremely resistant to heat and disinfecting agents. refer to your facility’s policy for CJD cleaning and sterilization procedures
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)
type of viruses most prevalent chronic blood-borne infections today
HIV and HBV
